OCEANIA
NEWSLETTER
No. 46, June 2007
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CONTENTS
Article
Fighting at Pyramid, Grand Valley of the Baliem River,
West New Guinea
- by Norman and
Sheila Draper, with an introduction by Anton
Ploeg
Exhibition 1
Asmat: Made from Nature
Exhibition 2
La Vasa: Sea Change
- reviewed by Pamela
Rosi
Journal
Shima: The International Journal of Research into
Island Cultures
Series
Anthropology and Cultural History in Asia and the
Indo-Pacific
Workshop
Film and History in the Pacific
Received
New Books
Recent Publications
FIGHTING AT
PYRAMID, GRAND VALLEY
OF THE BALIEM
RIVER, WEST NEW
GUINEA
[Draft, not for
quotation.]
By Norman and Sheila Draper, with an introduction by Anton Ploeg
Introduction
With this paper I
would like to make the ethnographic work of Norman and Sheila Draper better
known. They were missionaries who worked for the ABM, the Australian Baptist
Mission Society, first, from 1949 to 1956, among Kyaka Enga in the highlands of
what was then the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. Later, from 1956 to 1962,
they worked among Western Dani in then Dutch New Guinea, in Tiom, in the valley
of the North Baliem River. Later again they returned to Papua New Guinea. They
revisited Tiom briefly in 1984. Around that time they prepared a manuscript,
entitled First Touches, dealing with their work in the North Baliem.
Norman prepared a first draft that they jointly redrafted (Sheila Draper, pers.
comm. 2005). Against their intentions, the manuscript has remained unpublished.
While First
Touches contains a great deal of ethnographic information, it is by no
means the only contribution to ethnography that the Drapers have made. In a
book published in 1990, they together compiled and introduced testimonies from
New Guineans, many of whom had converted as a result of their teachings (Draper
and Draper 1990). Moreover, Sheila Draper wrote extensive ethnographic notes
and incorporated ethnographic data in her communications to her family and her
church. Many of these documents are now held in Adelaide, in the archive of the
South Australia Museum. They were ordered and catalogued by Alexandra Szalay
who has put them to good use in her 1999 PhD thesis in anthropology dealing
with the Central Highlands of west New Guinea (Szalay 1999). Also that thesis
has so far remained unpublished.
The writings of
the Drapers show their deep interest in the lives of the people among whom they
worked. Unlike some of their colleagues they did not perceive the Highlands as
part of 'Satan's kingdom' (Wicks 1990: 218) that they had to invade and
conquer. Instead, they were appreciative of many aspects of the way of life of
the people whom they attempted to convert to Christianity. They were trained
linguists which facilitated language learning and most likely added to their
understanding of what they had to engage with, but, in addition, they
approached the Dani way of life with empathy.
In this paper I
draw on their draft monograph First Touches. The manuscript starts with
the advance of a group of missionaries, including Norman Draper, and their New
Guinean companions into the Central Highlands of west New Guinea. They
represented four protestant mission societies and an important reason why they
went together was that they had arranged to help each other with setting up
mission stations, in particular with getting airstrips established that were to
connect the stations with the outside world. The group of missionaries and
their helpers set off in March 1956. They headed for the central parts of the
Highlands, using a lake, in 1956 called Lake Archbold, near the foothills, and
south of the Lake Plain, as a starting point for the expedition on foot. They
themselves and their provisions were brought to the lake by hydroplane. Thus
they followed the example set by the 1938 Archbold expedition. During that
expedition part of the Dutch military escort went from the north coast to the
Central Highlands via the Lake Plain. The escort was provisioned by a
hydroplane that landed on Lake Archbold (Van Arcken 1958; see also his map,
reproduced in Meiselas 2003: 15). From Lake Archbold the missionary party
entered the Highlands on foot, proceeding to the southwest, with the intention
to prepare an airstrip in Bokondini, on a flat area spotted during a survey by
air.
The expedition
initiated the rapid missionisation of the central parts of the Central
Highlands, an area almost exclusively inhabited by the Grand Valley Dani and
the Western Dani (Hayward 1980: 118f; Steiger 1995: 58f). Up until then, only
the CAMA, the Christian and Missionary Alliance, had established a mission
station in the area, in the southern part of the Grand Valley, in 1954 (Wick
1990: ch. 7). They had arrived there starting out from their already existing
stations in the Paniai area, in the west of the Central Highlands. The first
government station in the central part was established at Wamena, in the Grand
Valley of the Baliem, in late 1956 (Veldkamp 1996, 2001).
From Bokondini, a
smaller group, consisting of two Europeans, including Norman Draper, and four
New Guineans, trekked further south via the valley of the North Baliem to the
northern tip of the Grand Valley. There they had spotted another site suitable
for an airstrip, near a solitary mountain that they called Pyramid. Their stay
in the Grand Valley lasted a single day. After the local Dani had seriously
harassed them, they hastily retreated, back to Bokondini. Showing considerable
courage, a larger party returned six weeks later. This time they managed to
establish working relationships with the people. Yet, their reception made them
conclude that there were considerable cultural differences between Dani at
Bokondini and Dani at Pyramid, a conclusion backed up by later ethnographic
reports (Heider 1975; Ploeg 2001).
As they had done
in Bokondini, the missionaries and their companions prepared temporary shelters
near the site they wanted to fashion into an airstrip. Soon after their
arrival, in August 1956, it became clear that they had selected a site that the
local people used for fighting. And indeed a battle took place there during
their presence. In First Touches, the Drapers give a vivid description
of the proceedings, and the fright they inspired. The aggression that
especially young Dani had shown them, during their first visit, but also later
on, must have added to the tension.
In the late
pre-colonial era, warfare among the Grand Valley Dani was endemic. It has
become well known to the outside world ever since the release, in 1962, of the
immensely successful film Dead Birds, resulting from the 1961
Harvard-Peabody expedition to the Grand Valley (Heider 1997; Meiselas 2003:
66f). The fights shown in Dead Birds took place in an area about 25
kilometres southeast of Pyramid. Veldkamp, who established the patrol
post in the Grand Valley and who became its first OIC, writes that at the time
tension was all around in the Valley. In his own words
Always, there were rumours of armed confrontations or
of (in our view far from courageous) raids, that had people killed or wounded.
After a victory on the field of battle people held victory dances for days on
end; the refrains were repeated for hours and got on our nerves. In the
evenings well-disposed Dani told in secretive whispers about impending raids
and about actions that had already been carried out (1996: 93; 2001: 81).
By 1960, it had
become obvious that bringing Dani fighting in the Grand Valley to an end was a
major administrative undertaking (Schneider 1996: 121-2, 2001: 105-7). All the
ethnographers of the Grand Valley Dani discuss it at length in their work. They
emphasise that it was strongly linked to Dani ancestor worship (Broekhuyse
1967; Bromley 1960; Heider 1970, 1997; Peters 1965, 1975). The major political
units in the Grand Valley were alliances, consisting of a number of
confederacies. Most alliances comprised more than one thousand people.
Confederacies might regroup, thus forming new alliances. Hostile alliances
fought each other in frequent battles and raids that took place over a number
of years, if not decades (Heider 1997: 88-9). People killed had to be revenged
by other killings whether of men, women or children. Broekhuyse intimates that
the status of the killed enemy mattered (1967: 260) which would entail that it
is more prestigious, and that it damages the enemy more, to kill an adult man.
Heider's data are in line with this finding. The genealogies that he collected
show that many more men than women died violently (1970: 230-1, 1997: 106).
After the killing of an outstanding war leader, his group is in disarray (1997:
90). Fighting the enemy had been ordained by the ancestors and people were most
anxious to live up to their demands (Heider 1997: 90f). The battle witnessed by
Norman Draper and his colleagues was a large scale one, apparently beyond the
upper end of the range of 200-400 warriors that Broekhuyse mentions (1967:
217). 'A big fight', the characterisation with which their description starts
seems a proper qualification.
What follows is
chapter 8 of First Touches. The observations recorded in this
chapter were made by Norman Draper and his male colleagues. However, because
Norman and Sheila Draper cooperated in drafting First Touches, I regard
them as joint authors of also this chapter. They called it 'Fighting at
Pyramid', a title I use for the present paper. I include the entire chapter,
retaining the Drapers' division into paragraphs. The only changes I have made
concern punctuation and some misprints. I did add several footnotes - the
manuscript had none - to refer to other ethnographic publications about the
Dani that seem relevant to what the Drapers report.
Fighting at Pyramid
'Mbabi! Mbabi!
Mbabi ngok mende...'. 'Enemies,
fighting of the big kind' was the answer someone shot back over his shoulder in
response to our hurried query. The group of warriors raced off, past our grass
hut, down the slope towards the airstrip....
Another similar
group who followed a minute later confirmed the news. Almost immediately we
could hear the cockatoo-like screeches from an area only a couple of kilometres
away. As we noticed a third group running at top speed nearby, we realised that
the first two parties of men must have paused among some trees in a hollow
hardly three hundred meters away, to wait for the last lot. As this third group
joined them, the armed mob immediately, burst into a spontaneous, rowdy dance,
racing round and round in a tight circle, screeching in their turn, like a
flock of distressed cockatoos - cockatoos whose feathers, indeed, they wore, in
their hair and attached to their bows.1 They raced suddenly up a
small slope still screeching, and up on to the next rise. We noticed several
from the group, veering out in various directions to check that no enemy were
approaching slyly, or hiding in ambush in the many bushy gullies nearby. Then,
suddenly, as if some signal had changed their mind, they sat just down! What an
anticlimax! With camera ready, we three men moved over cautiously, to join
them.
'Ninore - Our friends!2 What is all the
screeching for?' we enquired. 'Enemies, many enemies have come', they responded
breathlessly. 'There will be a big fight. We are calling our friends and
allies.' 'What is the reason for the fight', we persisted. Several replied at
once, simply by crude gesticulation, indicating that a woman had been raped.3
The who, where, why, when obviously could not be clarified.
None of the
younger men wore head nets: they had discarded them, preferring proudly to
flounce their long, thin, matted curls freely back and forth, as they swayed
and ran in the preliminary, morale-engendering dance.
Another, larger
group of men appeared suddenly over a nearby hill, racing to join our party.
Their arrival was cause for much excitement, and the whole mob again spun into
the circular war dance, shrieking, in unison, short bursts of 'ee...ee...ee...'
About half the men
carried bows and arrows, which they rattled against each other as they sped
round and round. The remainder - especially the young men - carried the four
metre long black palm spears, pointed at each end for quick retrieval and
throwing. Amongst the loud screeching, the thudding of feet, the tapping of
spears, and the clicking of gourds, no other noise could possibly be heard. The
crowd promptly forgot or ignored us foreigners. It was no doubt painfully
obvious to them that we knew nothing of the excitement or subtleties of Baliem
battles and quarrels; old scores -or new ones- to be settled; old grievances to
be avenged.
Within a few
minutes, the whole group were moving off. We decided to return home, as the
screeching, thumping mob raced off like a charge of cavalry, to mingle with yet
another approaching detachment of allies.
Over the next hour
or so we heard more intermittent screeching in the distance. Every now and then
we glimpsed masses of dark figures racing across grassy areas, pursued by
others firing showers of arrows after them. Then, swiftly, the pursuing became
the pursued. But we remained apart from it all.
Suddenly the
screeching broke out much closer to our small compound - just behind the
cluster of houses towards the base of the airstrip, in fact! Then we saw smoke
billowing up from the village, as one of the houses burst into flames! Cries of
distress from women who had not yet made good their escape, were clearly heard
- they had not anticipated a sneak attack so early! We could see, through our
binoculars, a group of women being hastily escorted through a back exit in the
village fence, into the comparative shelter of a garden drain. Men were rushing
about the village, amid the smoke and flames, trying to snatch their treasured
possessions from the burning men's house, while a few others worked hard to
prevent the fire from spreading to nearby homes. Still others seemed to be seeking out the
individual enemy warriors who had dared to sneak into the village, away from
the main battle, and set the torch to the men's communal house. If he, or they,
were discovered and caught, a horrible death would be meted out, instantly.
In the meantime,
the main battle was still in full swing, some distance from the village.
Suddenly, one group appeared, racing for the airstrip. This was a good,
strategic move, because, the whole area being cleared, it offered no hiding
place for the enemy to sneak into ambush. Retreating up the slope of the strip
meant they could effectively change direction when they wished, attacking on a
downhill run. This would to the advantage to the younger braves who then would
be in the vanguard of the attack, close to the leaders of the now retreating
mob. The latter would offer an easier target for the vigorous young men's spear-throws.
For it is these young men, close to the enemy lines in both attack and retreat,
who have the best opportunity of inflicting a fatal wound - though, also, of
suffering a lethal wound themselves. Most of the hundreds of arrows that would
be fired during each charge, would fall harmlessly on the ground, to be hastily
retrieved by the retreating party, during the few seconds' comparative lull
between the end of a retreat (usually indicated by a lack of further weapons to
fire) and the initiation of a new charge.
Those of the rear
guard in a retreat must always be physically fit and nimble, for they must keep
dodging -usually sideways to the enemy- to preclude offering themselves as an
easy target. Even so, dozens of these young men sustain minor injuries from
arrows fired at short range (and perhaps inflicting glancing blows). When hit,
an injured man must keep running, if at all possible, until the charge then in
progress, is complete. If the arrow or spear wound is too deep for that, he
will pull out the spear, or try to snap off the arrow head, as he runs. If he
is stopped or maimed by the injury, his companions will seek to protect him by
prematurely halting the retreat, and sounding a call for a rapid charge,
instead, otherwise certain death follows, if he is captured, or overrun by the
enemy.
If the politics of
the battle dictate that one team must kill to even a score, they will take
great risks to finish off an injured enemy member. In some parts of the Grand
Valley, the capture of an enemy was the prelude to a cannibal feast. This
usually took place in full view of the slain one's relatives, in order to heap
insult on grief. But Sheila and I were not witness to one of these occasions.4
Normally, the
tally for a day's fighting would be only one or two men killed, though there
were exceptions, and there were also frequent injuries - some later to prove
fatal, because of infection. Those who initiated the battle, naturally trusted
their spirits to assist them in gaining a victory. If they initiated a fight,
they usually did so because they considered themselves wronged, in some way:
maybe by the rape of a woman, maybe by unresolved arguments over payment of
pigs for an earlier death; maybe the alleged theft of a pig.
In this instance,
now that the battle had moved on to the airstrip, we had a clear picture of
proceedings. The first group retreated nearly two hundred and fifty meters up
the slope before their fight leader emitted a piercing screech, that told
others to repeat his call, halt their retreat, turn, and charge the enemy. The
latter, following what we later learned was a strict code of battle, instantly
beat a hasty retreat. We noticed a number of young men who could not retreat
quickly enough because of the press of bodies immediately in front of them.
These would diverge instantly to the sidelines, carrying their long spears with
them. They could throw only once, if at all, but they obviously hoped that that
throw -that one thrust at close range- would achieve the death that their group
were seeking. As these spearmen raced off to the sidelines, they also turned,
abusing the enemy with obviously insulting epithets and unacceptable gestures,
to taunt their opponents into hasty, ill-considered action.
Needless to say,
many of their antagonists responded with a hasty volley of arrows. But these
daring young men could dodge well, darting about in such a fast, zigzagging and
erratic path that only an odd, lucky shot could have really hit its target. The
bowmen, in their turn, would not follow these challengers too closely, in case
they were cut off in the centre from their main group and found themselves
suddenly at risk, following a sudden change in direction. (The warriors along
the edges of the airstrip could always make good their escape into the fields.)
Several times the
two main groups charged and retreated up and down the airstrip, until the lower
body of men suddenly split, racing off to either edge of the cleared area, each
heading for a small rise in the ground. This change in battle plan necessitated
a pause for reorganisation! - For if the charging group pursued either of the
two dispersing mobs, the other could attack them from the rear! Tactics and
rules were certainly complex.
For some minutes
the two groups stood threatening each other, shouting insult but alert to the
first sign of movement or action. When they had recovered breath sufficiently
for the next stage of the game, a fight leader piercingly gave the call to
resume. The two separated factions of the one team rushed together to attack
their opponents, who retreated fast up the airstrip, headed straight for our
compound!
Up to this point
we had felt strangely remote from the conflict, as if we were immune or even
invisible. We had been watching the spectacle as one would an exciting sporting
context, but now, as we saw some five hundred warriors charging straight
towards us, at close quarters, their faces reflecting anger, desperation, fear,
we found ourselves in an entirely different situation. For a few moments we all
'froze': there was no safe place for us to take shelter. We did not know if
these warriors racing at us full tilt were our local folk or the attacking
tribes!
Then a group of
fighters, whom we recognised, yelled: 'Friends, run with us! The enemy will
kill you!' But we seemed mesmerised; we could not react instantly. His voice
faded as we were immediately surrounded by hundreds of warriors dashing past -
many confirming the warning of the front line men. We were now seeing arrows
flying all around us. Everyone was shouting, fleeing, but most were oblivious,
again, of us, as we hastily tried to move to the sidelines. This was their
moment of survival! All their concentration was focussed on their own safety.
Just as the mob
was thinning out, a loud screeching announced the first ranks of the
pursuers... The vanguard was comprised mainly of tall, well built young men
constantly brandishing spears in a menacing manner, and shouting abuse at the
fleeing figures ahead. There were also some warriors with bows and arrows, but
these were not being fired. They dashed towards one particular man in the group
ahead, firing at him at short range.5 Several times they raced
forward, and on each occasion I had the ugly premonition of seeing a man shot.
But at each volley, the intended victim seemed to dodge, or duck, just in
time. These few moments in between the
two groups were alarming, unnerving. I'll never forget them!
Later I was told
that when a warrior is retreating, he listens intently for the twang of the
bow, and then dodges immediately! I was to witness a number of such near misses
in the months and years ahead, and I was constantly amazed at the lightning
reflex with which these Baliem men responded. It was no doubt for such crucial
moments that small boys constantly trained, as they played at war with blunt,
makeshift arrows.6
We were very
relieved - and then even amused - as the second enemy group surged through our
compound, swallowing us up in their shouting and turmoil of dust, for, on
sighting us standing by, some would momentarily smile in reassurance.
'Friends', they would smile, gesturing, 'those people ahead are bad; keep clear
of them!'
As the enemy mob
grew denser, charging past us, they were shouting, firing their arrows, and
reloading their bows without pause. They were determined to cause at least one
death among their opponents. As the last stragglers ran past, we were amazed
that so few arrows or spears had found their mark. We had been through a
strange and unique experience. As the opposing groups took the battle further
off, we slowly realised that in the sudden tension and danger of the situation,
not one of us had remembered his camera, though these were still hanging round
our necks after the photos we had taken of the more distant fighting!
Our amusement at
this realisation did not last long, for suddenly the now familiar screeching
sounded again - there had been yet another change in direction, that was
bringing the battle back to us! This time we were more prepared, and somewhat
relaxed and reassured, knowing that we were no one's intentional target! Our
cameras clicked again and again as warriors jostled past us, constantly dodging
and weaving, and stooping hastily to pick up the arrows scattered over the
ground. As they hurtled past us, we recognised a few faces. But these were not
the same larrikins who constantly caused tension on the airstrip job with their
unruly, boisterous behaviour. Now they were seasoned men of war, trained in the
art of survival! They now belonged to a different world, a world in which they
excelled, where there was no one, really, to define and curb their behaviour,
limiting them to the level of the ordinary, hour after hour. Here they were
potential heroes: this was the ultimate of existence: during these moments they
could live out their fantasies of superior strength and cunning, at the same
time achieving the most vital ingredient in life - prestige and respect from
their peers ....
It was now clear
why these people both loved and hated warfare - they loved it for the grand
victory and sense of deep satisfaction; they hated it for the times when
victory was not theirs: when the results were instead, humiliation, pain, and
perhaps grief ...
The ongoing battle
had moved to another area again. Several columns of smoke and flame told of
burning houses.
By late afternoon
word came that the fighting had concluded for the day, though we had not seen
the finishing moments. One of the local men, we were told, was dead. Another,
who lived only a kilometre away, was badly injured.7
Gathering together
penicillin and syringes, we set off for his village in case we could help. We
had already arrived at the usual cluster of houses when the wounded man was
carried in. Apart from the one death there had been dozens of wounds of varying
severity - mostly in the buttocks, as the men had retreated from the shower of
arrows.
But most of these
wounded men had limped home to their own villages. This patient was a different
matter. He had been tied, by long twists of grass, to a single pole, and borne
home on the shoulders of his village companions. As they released him to lie on
a spread of banana leaves, the local shaman, or witchdoctor (for want of a
better word) snuffed out his home rolled cigarette, put the stub into his
shoulder bag, and rose from his haunches to move over and examine the writhing
man on the ground.8 While several other fellows arranged themselves
around the patient, to hold him steady, the shaman gently took hold of the
broken wend of the barbed arrow, stuck deep in the flesh of his patient's side.
He withdrew it a centimetre or two, to check out it had not pierced a vital
organ. Because he felt it somewhat free to move, and because there was no
further fresh spurt of blood, he was satisfied. Then, deflecting its direction,
he gently pushed the arrowhead further through, towards the closest point on
the skin through which it could be made to emerge. (Because the barbs were
typically pointed downwards on the arrow, it could not be pulled out backwards,
without great tearing of the flesh, so had to be pushed on through).
As the injured man
groaned and writhed in intense pain, he was held firmly, and soothed by his
companions. When at last the shaman felt the point of the arrow not far under
the skin, he gently pressed on both sides around it. Determining the exact
point at which the point would emerge, he took a length of freshly split
bamboo, with a very sharp edge, and made a short slit in the patient's skin.
Pressing again on each side, as well as behind the base of the arrow, as the
victim's face grew even more contorted with pain, the medical worker forced out
the barbed fragment. Then he held each side of the slit skin between his finger
and thumb until the bleeding had subsided somewhat.
We asked for
permission to apply some antibiotic powder to the open wound, and this was, to
our surprise, granted, after only a moment's hesitation. Then some clean, fresh
banana leaves, newly heated and softened, were placed over these, and bound
round the man's body with lengths of split fibres that had been already
prepared. Our patient looked more serene now, but exhausted. We asked for
permission to give him some aspirin for the pain, and an injection.
Surprisingly again, our request was granted. On successive days we returned
with more aspirin and more penicillin, to find the patient, each time, making
steady progress towards recovery.
Some of our
patients never recovered, because of the onset of infection from the dirty
weapon-heads, or the dirty fingers that sought to effect a cure, but such a
death would be attributed to the influence of uncooperative spirits. Pigs would
be sacrificed to express regret to the new spirit. Many other injured men,
however, as we learned over the years, displayed remarkable powers of recovery,
and would be back on their feet again within a few days.
Wounds inflicted
by a heavy spear were usually serious. If the victim fell, on the battle
ground, young enemy warriors would risk their own lives in order to be in at
the kill, for to have had a share in inflicting death was almost tantamount to
actually having caused the fatal wound. It seemed to us that the possible shame
and bereavement of battle was more than compensated for by the intense
anticipated sense of excitement about a fight which, they always hoped, would
lead to their own victory.
As we made our way
home up the new airstrip, darkness falling swiftly around us, we were exhausted
- in a sense it was our first fight! But we were not sure whether we had lost
or won!
Notes
1. The
above passage is based on possibly the earliest observation of the man-bird
association as imagined by the Grand Valley Dani, and other highlands peoples
as well. Later ethnographers also noted this association. Heider (1972: 28)
writes that it 'is the basic motif of Gardner's film Dead Birds.' A
religious element of the association was a myth that Dani tell, or told, in at
least two versions. One is about a race between a bird and a snake which the
bird won. Had the snake won, mankind would have gained or retained the
immortality Dani believed snakes to have. Another version tells about an
argument between a snake and a bird about man's immortality. Because the first
man expressed dislike for the snake and opted for the bird, he also opted for
mortality (Heider 1997: 117). So in this second version mortality results from
human agency, even though it may have been unwitting. Heider reports that in
the area where he carried out his research, people regarded a robin species as
the bird referred to in the myth. In their ritual and war costumes they
imitated the markings of that robin (1997: 119; compare Broekhuyse 1967:
223-4). However, the warriors whom Norman Draper came across at Pyramid seem to
have associated with the white cockatoo. It is tempting to see a totemic
element in these associations, but the ethnography does not mention it.
2. The few language fragments that the
Drapers present are in Lani, the Western Dani language. Nevertheless, the way
of life they describe seems unmistakably a Grand Valley Dani one.
3. Given
the number of men taking part in this fight, and the number of allies joining
in, it likely was an inter-alliance battle. Since warriors had stated that a
sexual offence was its reason, I presume that the woman had been raped by a man
from another, hostile alliance and I wonder why she had not been killed as
well. The offence was probably the immediate reason only, given that armed
confrontations between hostile alliances occurred regularly over a period of
years. People killed had to be avenged by other killings. Failure to do so was
a serious matter; it signified lack of ancestral support that would lead to
further losses of life.
4. Reports about
cannibalism among the Grand Valley Dani are few, in contrast to what is
reported about the Yali, their eastern neighbours. The protestant missionary
Bozeman wrote about a case of cannibalism in the southern part of the valley as
he observed it in 1957 (quoted by Wick 1990: 113f). And Bromley mentions a
single case in his collection of cases of trouble and fighting that he
published in 1960. He writes that it was the only case he was told about and
that apparently it happened five to ten years previously (1960: 251). In his
book length account of the missionising of the Western Highlands, Hitt sensationalised
the issue by naming his book Cannibal
Valley (1962), a name that referred to the Grand Valley. He used it, it
seems, on account of the single instance witnessed by Bozeman (1962: 126f).
Peters, a catholic missionary, protested against Hitt's characterisation based
as it was on that single instance only. Peters relates that, in the course of
his work in the central part of the Valley, east of the Baliem River, from mid
1959 to early 1964 (1965: 7,16; 1975: 5, 198), he had been told about one case
of cannibalism that, however, had taken place in the past (1965: 97; 1975: 97).
Similarly, Heider mentions (1997: 126) that the ancestors of the Dani in his
fieldwork site north of where Peters worked had practised cannibalism. Reports
about the Yali make it clear that they practised cannibalism more regularly
during the late re-colonial era (Koch 1974: passim, esp. 79f; Zöllner 1977: 21;
1988: 16). Given the contacts between Dani in the eastern part of the Grand
Valley and the Yali (Heider 1970: 25f), it is plausible that these Dani knew
about Yali cannibalism. In both cases the persons wholly or partly eaten were
slain enemies.
5. The
efforts undertaken to kill a specific opponent suggest that one party sought
revenge on the person held responsible for a previous killing.
6. Similarly,
Heider (1970: 193). Also Dead Birds
shows this play.
7. Heider
distinguishes two 'phases' of war: ritual and non-ritual (1970: 105f, 1997:
88f). The series of fights that he and the other members of the Harvard-Peabody
team observed in mid 1961 were ritual ones. They included some of these fights
in Dead Birds. In Heider's
description such fights had a strong sportive element. They were 'casual';
there were many 'non-combatants', onlookers. The number of fatalities was
small. In contrast the non-ritual phase was 'short, treacherous and bloody',
with many people killed (Heider 1970: 118f). Veldkamp (1996: 92) mentions that
he established the first centre of the colonial administration in an area
turned into a no-man's-land as the result of an 'apocalyptic' war. Non-ritual
fights often took place when an alliance split up and hitherto allied
confederacies fought each other. As appeared above, the battle described in
this paper does not seem to conform to either categorisation. There were no
onlookers, that is, no Dani onlookers. It seems to have included more tactics
than those that the members of the Harvard-Peabody expedition had witnessed and
recorded. Nor do they mention the rapid shifting of the fighting parties over a
sizeable area. Finally, Heider (1970: 110-1) reports 'individualism [was]
all-important'. The advice of battle leaders remained unheeded, whereas in the
battle that the Drapers describe leaders appeared to direct tactics.
8. By
using the terms 'shaman' and 'witchdoctor', the Drapers attribute a magical or
religious capacity to the expert who extracts the arrow. I wonder whether this
is warranted. Also Heider discusses the topic, but he writes that any man may
try to remove an arrow, although experts are called in if they are in the
vicinity. 'Curing rituals' devised to protect patients from loss of life force
and against attacks by ghosts, were led by men and/or women with 'special
curing powers' (Heider 1970: 233-4). Hence they likely had a religious capacity
which would warrant the term 'shaman'. I suppose that the Drapers were
influenced by what they experienced later, during their work in Tiom. As they
describe in subsequent chapters of First Touches, they were thwarted in
their work by a shaman who felt that they were undermining his position of
power.
References
Broekhuyse, J.Th. 1967. The
Wiligiman-Dani: Een cultureel-antropologische studie over religie en
oorlogvoering in de Baliem-Vallei. Tilburg: Gianotten.
Bromley, M. 1960. 'A Preliminary Report on
Law among the Grand Valley Dani of Netherlands New Guinea', Nieuw Guinea
Studiën, 4: 235-59.
Draper, N., and S. Draper. n.d. First Touches. [Unpublished monograph
dealing with missionary work in the Central Highlands of West New Guinea.
Written around 1985.]
Draper, N., and S. Draper (compilers).
1990. Daring to Believe: Personal Accounts of Life Changing Events in Papua
New Guinea and Irian Jaya. Hawthorn: Australian Baptist Missionary Society.
Hayward, D.J. 1980. The Dani of Irian
Jaya before and after Conversion. Sentani: Regions Press.
Heider, K.G. 1970. The Dugum Dani: A
Papuan Culture in the Highlands of West New Guinea. New York: Wenner-Gren
Foundation for Anthropological Research.
Heider, K.G. 1972. The Dani of West Irian: An Ethnographic Companion to the Film Dead Birds. Andover, MA: Warner
Modular Publication.
Heider, K.G. 1975. 'Societal
Intensification and Cultural Stress as Determining Factors in the Innovation
and Conservatism of Two Dani Cultures', Oceania, 46: 53-67.
Heider, K.G. 1997. Grand Valley Dani:
Peaceful Warriors. Third edition. New York: Holt, Rinehard and Winston.
[First published in 1979.]
Hitt, R.T. 1962. Cannibal Valley. New
York: Harper and Row.
Koch, K.-F. 1974. War and Peace in
Jalémó: The Management of Conflict in Highland New Guinea. Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.
Matthiessen, P. 1962. Under the Mountain
Wall: A Chronicle of Two Seasons in the Stone Age. New York: Viking Press.
Meiselas, S. 2003. Encounters with the
Dani: Stories from the Baliem Valley. New York and Göttingen: International
Centre of Photography and Steidl.
Peters, H.L. 1965. Enkele hoofdstukken
uit het sociaal-religieuze leven van een Dani-groep. Venlo: Dagblad voor
Noord-Limburg.
Peters, H.L. 1975. 'Some Observations of the Social and Religious Life of a Dani-group',
Bulletin of Irian Jaya
Development, 4(2). [Translation of Peters 1965, by G. Reesink.]
Ploeg, A. 2001. 'The Other Western
Highlands', Social Anthropology,
9: 25-43.
Schneider, C. 1996. 'Controleur Baliem
(maart 1960 - februari 1962): Enige impressies', in: P. Schoorl (ed.), 1996:
117-27; 2001: 103-13.
Schoorl, P. (ed.). 1996. Besturen in
Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea: Ontwikkelingswerk in een periode van politieke onrust.
Leiden: KITLV Press.
Schoorl, P. (ed.). 2001. Belanda di Irian
Jaya: Ambtenar di Masa Penuh Gejolak 1945-1962. Jakarta: KITLV Press and
Penerbit Garba Budaya. [Indonesian translation of Schoorl 1996.]
Steiger, E.J. 1995. Wings over Shangri
La. [Privately published.]
Szalay, A. 1999. Maokop: The Montane Cultures of Central Irian Jaya: Environment,
Society, and History in Highlands West New Guinea. [Unpublished PhD thesis,
University of Sydney, Sydney.]
van Arcken, J.E.M. 1958. 'Met de Archbold
expeditie naar Centraal Nieuw-Guinea', Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea, 6(1): 2-8, 6(2): 2-11.
Veldkamp, F. 1996. 'De bestuurlijke
dilemma's bij de openlegging van de Baliem', in: P. Schoorl. (ed.), 1996:
73-116; 2001: 61-102.
Wick, R.S. 1990. God's Invasion: The
Story of Fifty Years of Christian and Missionary Alliance Work in Irian Jaya.
Camp Hill, PA: Christian Publications.
Zöllner, S. 1977. Lebensbaum und
Schweinekult: Die Religion der Jalî im Bergland von Irian-Jaya. Wuppertal:
Theologischer Verlag R. Brockhaus.
Zöllner, S. 1988. The Religion of the
Yali in the Highlands of Irian Jaya.
Goroka: Melanesian Institute. [Translation and abbreviation of Zöllner
1977, by J. Godschalk.]
ASMAT:
MADE FROM NATURE
Natuurmuseum
Brabant
Spoorlaan 434
5038 CH Tilburg
Telefoon: +31 13 5353935
Fax: +31 13
5351090
e-mail: info@natuurmuseumbrabant.nl
website:
natuurmuseumbrabant.nl
Uit de natuur gemaakt, te zien van 27 april 2007 tot 30 maart 2008.
Een nieuwe
tentoonstelling over een volk dat in perfecte harmonie leeft met de natuur. We
spreken over de Asmatters, een Papua-bevolkingsgroep uit de Asmat, gelegen aan
de zuidkust van Indonesisch Papua. Wie deze tentoonstelling bezoekt zal verrast
worden door unieke gebruiksvoorwerpen (zoals o.a. speren, schilden, dolken,
hoofdtooien en tassen), filmbeelden uit de Asmat en indrukwekkende exotische
dieren zoals o.a. de Paradijsvogel en de Kalong (ook wel vliegende hond of
vliegende vos genoemd).
Kunstwerken
Voor de Asmatter
is het oerwoud een supermarkt en bouwmarkt tegelijk. Alle gebruiksvoorwerpen
komen uit de natuur en worden volledig met de hand gemaakt, wat zeer mooie
kunstwerken oplevert. Ook vereert de Asmatter zijn voorouders via kunst en
ceremoniële feesten. Maar ondanks deze perfect harmonieuze manier van leven met
de natuur, slaat ook in dit gebied de globalisering toe. Op dit moment loeien
er de motorzagen en zelfs mobieltjes zijn daar niet meer vreemd.
Papua-spelletjes
Speciaal voor de
jonge bezoekertjes zijn er spannende speurtochten en computerspelletjes
ontwikkeld die met deze tentoonstelling te maken hebben. Doe mee met originele
Papua-spelletjes zoals 'Mep de Malariamug' en 'Papua Memory'!
LA VASA: SEA CHANGE
Review of Le Vasa:Sea change. San Francisco LGBT
Community Center, 3 June-1 August 2006
By Pamela Rosi,
Adjunct at
Department of Anthropology, Bridgewater State College
Le Vasa: Sea
change (referring to the Ocean, fluidity, and changing perceptions) was part of
the 2006 San Francisco National Queer Arts Festival presented at the LGBT
Community Center. It was also the first
exhibition in the US to show works by Samoan
diaspora artists Shigeyuki Kihara and Dan Taulapapa McMullin, who are
fa'afafine - a liminal gender category referring to a man who identifies as a
woman or with the feminine. Kihara is a
transgender visual and performance artist of Japanese and Samoan heritage who
lives and works in Auckland, New Zealand. Dan Taulapapa McMullin is a film
maker, writer, and painter who identifies as fa'afafine and tauatane/gay. He resides in California. Le Vasa therefore challenges viewers to
compare how diverse cultural backgrounds, aesthetic influences, and fa'afafine
lifestyles are reflected in each artist's work.
Kihara, who
trained as a fashion designer in New Zealand, presented photographs from her 2004 series "Vavau: Tales from
Ancient Samoa. In dramatic self portraits, which emulate the "Dusky
Maiden" genre of "velvet"
paintings popular in New Zealand in the 1950's and 60's, she poses as gods and
goddesses from Samoan folk tales (fa'agogo).
Influenced by the Samoan tradition of faleaitu (satirical theater) where
men performed gendered roles of men and women, these photographs resonate with
double entendre: they express pride in ancient Samoan knowledge and social
structure while parodying western exoticism of Pacific Islanders to subvert the
colonial "gaze" and challenge binary hegemonic norms of sexuality and
gender. Although, fa'afafine remain an accepted though contested part of
Samoan society today, this is not the situation in New Zealand where they are
conflated with western homosexuality and confront racial, ethnic, and gender discrimination.
Coming to painting
from writing and film making, Dan Taulapapa comments that story telling and
exploring the painterly are factors which interest him most in visually
narrating a fa'afafine way of life. Like Kihara, he is interested in the veiled
meanings and ironic humor of Samoan folk tales where ambiguity and/or
transformation deny fixed notions of things. He also shares her interest in
photography although their perspectives differ.
Kihara's images are staged and autobiographical (she is her own
subject), while Taulapapa uses photos to make portraits of fa'afafine friends (Paris Suite), or to stimulate his mind's
eye to create his own interpretations of traditional fagono stories (Sina and Tigilau, Taema and Tilafaiga)
or image the impact of colonialism and modernization on indigenous Samoan life
and gender (The Spirits of the East and
West visit the Aitu of the Middle). The sensual and provocative work of
both artists stimulates viewers to engage issues addressing
injustice, gender rights, and the need to deconstruct and redirect
western perceptions about fa'afafine. At the same time, the exhibition is a
statement about Moana (Ocean)
spirituality and the Ocean as a metaphor for the mediating space (va) of
connection and transformation.
Shima: The
International Journal of
Research into Island
Cultures
The first issue
of Shima
is now online at: http://www.shimajournal.org/current.html
Contributions to
future issues are invited.
Volume 1, Number
1:
An Introduction to
Island Culture Studies
- The Shima
Editorial Board
The Space of Shima
- Jun'ichiro Suwa
When Islands
Create Languages - or - Why Do Language Research with Bonin [Ogasawara] Islanders?
- Daniel Long
One Foot on Either
Side of the Chasm: Cape Breton Singer Mary Jane Lamond’s Gaelic Choice
- Heather Sparling
Te Wa: The Social Significance of the Traditional Canoes of
Kiribati
- Tony Whincup
Mangyan Internal Refugees
from Mindoro Island and the Spaces of Low-intensity Conflict in the Philippines
- Jonas Baes
Jersey: The
Development of an Island Cultural Strategy
- Adam Riddell
Romance, Insularity
and Representation: Wong Kar-Wai’s In the
Mood for Love and Hong Kong Cinema
- Giorgio
Biancorosso
Anthropology and
Cultural History in
Asia and the
Indo-Pacific
The Series
Editors, Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew Strathern, would be pleased to receive
prospectuses from authors for the following Series:
Anthropology and Cultural
History in Asia and the Indo-Pacific
http://www.ashgate.com/subject_area/sociology_ethnic/anthropology_series.htm
This series offers
a fresh and unique perspective on Asian Anthropology that joins Asian studies
with the wider Indo-Pacific region. The inclusion of the Indo-Pacific region in
this Series acknowledges the increasing impact of transnational flows of ideas
and practices across geographical borders, especially within Asia and the
Indo-Pacific region. It also widens the net for including good ethnographically
and historically grounded books in the arenas of local-global relations,
continuity and change, and emerging analytical issues dealing with topics such
as kinship, politics, conflict, ritual and other contemporary themes in this
region of the world. The series publishes scholarly single-authored or
collaborative texts or thematically organized sets of essays that will appeal
to a multidisciplinary range of readers.
Titles in the
Series include:
- Aboriginal Art, Identity and Appropriation,
Elizabeth Burns Coleman
- Domestic Mandala: Architecture of Lifeworlds
in Nepal, John Gray
- Expressive Genres and Historical Change:
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Taiwan, Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew
Strathern (Editors). With chapters by Andrew Strathern and Pamela J. Stewart,
Alan Rumsey, Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew Strathern, Anne Schiller, Janet
Hoskins, Tai-li Hu, Lisette Josephides, and Volker Heeschen
- Family, Gender and Kinship in Australia: The
Social and Cultural Logic of Practice and Subjectivity, Allon J.
Uhlmann
- Going the Whiteman's Way: Kinship and
Marriage among Australian Aborigines, David McKnight,
- The Making of Global and Local Modernities
in Melanesia: Humiliation, Transformation and the Nature of Cultural Change, Joel
Robbins and Holly Wardlow (Editors), With chapters by Marshall Sahlins, Joel
Robbins, Holly Wardlow, Stephen Leavitt, Eric Silverman, Douglas Dalton,
Lisette Josephides, Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew Strathern, Aletta Biersack,
Frederick Errington and Deborah Gewertz, Karen Sykes, David Akin, and Robert
Foster
- Of
Marriage, Violence and Sorcery: The Quest for Power in Northern
Queensland, David McKnight
- Other titles are
forthcoming in 2007
Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew Strathern
Department of
Anthropology
3H01 W.W. Posvar
Hall
University of
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh PA,
15260 USA
Email: pamjan+@pitt.edu
FILM AND HISTORY
IN THE PACIFIC
A Workshop at The
Australian National University, Canberra
6-8 February 2008
This workshop
explores two questions: how has film shaped Pacific history and understandings
of Pacific pasts? and how do - or might - Pacific historians engage with the
medium of film? Although film in the Pacific dates back to the late 19th
century and is now increasingly the medium through which Pacific pasts are
encountered by both Pacific and local audiences, Pacific historians (with a few
notable exceptions) have rarely engaged with film and even fewer have been
directly involved with film production.
Four themes will
guide the workshop:
Film, frontiers and imperialism - how film has been used to document
Pacific frontiers and advance or oppose imperial interests;
War and identity - cinematic portrayals of war and their formative
effects on local and metropolitan identities;
Islanders and others - representations in film of, by and for Islanders
and the depiction of minority groups in the Pacific;
Pacific pasts and history through film - on the use of film as a source material;
as an approach to researching and representing history; and as a means of
communicating to audiences
Presentations on
this last theme will especially serve postgraduate students, filmmakers and
historians who have pioneered the use of film or wish to make greater use of
it; and teachers or academics guiding and assessing students who want to use
film in their research and theses.
A program of
screenings is planned in association with the workshop and participants will
have the opportunity to visit film repositories in Canberra.
The deadline for
the submission of abstracts was 31st May 2007.
Organization: chris.ballard@anu.edu.au
and vicki.luker@anu.edu.au
For more
information, please contact the convenors or visit
http://rspas.anu.edu.au/pah/filmandhistory/
RECEIVED
From State, Society and Governance in Melanesia
Project, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National
University, Canberra, Australia:
2000 SSGM
Discussion Paper Series
Crossland, K.J. 2000. The Ombudsman Role: Vanuatu's Experiment. Canberra: State, Society
and Governance in Melanesia Project, RSPAS, ANU. Discussion Paper No. 00/5.
Hughes, Philip. 2000. Issues of Governance in Papua New Guinea: Building Roads and Bridges.
Canberra: State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Project, RSPAS, ANU.
Discussion Paper No. 00/4.
2006 Joint SSGS/NRI Public Policy in Papua
New Guinea Discussion Paper Series
Kua, Bill. 2006. Public Sector Reform in Papua New Guinea. Canberra: State, Society
and Governance in Melanesia Project, RSPAS, ANU and National Research Institute
and National Research Institute. Public Policy in Papua New Guinea Discussion
Paper No. 2006 / 1.
Nonggorr, John. 2006. 'Electoral Reforms -
Improving Election Administration and Management,' in: Two Papers on Electoral Reform in Papua New Guinea, pp. 6-15.
Canberra: State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Project, RSPAS, ANU and
National Research Institute. Public Policy in Papua New Guinea Discussion Paper
No. 2006 / 3.
O'Neill, Peter. 2006. 'The Proposal to
Establish District Authorities in the Province of Papua New Guinea,' in: Two Papers on the Proposed Decentalisation
in Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-10. Canberra: State, Society and Governance in
Melanesia Project, RSPAS, ANU and National Research Institute. Public Policy in
Papua New Guinea Discussion Paper No. 2006 / 2.
Thomas, Margaret. 2006. The Role of Donors in Papua New Guinea
Development. Canberra: State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Project,
RSPAS, ANU and National Research Institute. Public Policy in Papua New Guinea
Discussion Paper No. 2006 / 6.
Trawen, Andrew S. 2006. 'Electoral Reforms:
Implications for the 2007 National Election,' in: Two Papers on Electoral Reform in Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-5.
Canberra: State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Project, RSPAS, ANU and
National Research Institute. Public Policy in Papua New Guinea Discussion Paper
No. 2006 / 3.
Tuck, Graham. 2006. 'Improved Decentralization:
The Work of the Public Sector Reform Advisory Group,' in: Two Papers on the Proposed Decentalisation in Papua New Guinea, pp.
15-23. Canberra: State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Project, RSPAS, ANU
and National Research Institute. Public Policy in Papua New Guinea Discussion
Paper No. 2006 / 2.
Wolfers, Edward P. 2006. Bougainville Autonomy - Implications for
Governance and Decentralisation. Canberra: State, Society and Governance in
Melanesia Project, RSPAS, ANU and National Research Institute. Public Policy in
Papua New Guinea Discussion Paper No. 2006 / 5.
From Te Aka Matua Library and Information Centre,
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand:
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
2006. Icons from Te Papa: Pacific. Wellington:
Te Papa Press. Photography by Michael Hall, Norman Heke and Jan Nauta.
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa..
2006. Annual Report 2005/2006 Te Puronga
a-Tau 2005/2006. Wellington: Te Papa Press.
NEW BOOKS
[These books can
not be purchased from the CPAS. Please send your enquiries directly to the
publishers.]
[Not all the books
in this section are strictly new, but those that are not, were not before
listed in the Oceania Newsletter.]
GENERAL
Aughton, Peter. 2007 (March). The
Fatal Voyage: Captain Cook's Last Great Journey. London and New York:
I.B. Tauris. 216 pages. ISBN: 9781845114046 (pb).
"Cook was the greatest explorer of his age and
his voyages of discovery are the stuff of legend. During two long journeys, he
circumnavigated the globe twice, charted the east coast of Australia, the whole
of New Zealand and many islands in the Pacific. The Fatal Voyage is the story of Cook's final journey when he led
his most dangerous and fabled expedition to search for the elusive Pacific
entrance to the North West Passage. He set sail from England in July 1776 and
along the way discovered the Hawaiian archipelago before mapping and charting
the formidable north west coast of America, from Vancouver Island to the frozen
northern coastline of Alaska. He sailed through the Bering Straits and although
his ships reached the entrance to the North West Passage they were defeated by
a sheer wall of ice blocking their way. Cook returned to Hawaii to rest, but a
series of misjudgments between his men and the islanders sparked a violent
clash in which Cook was killed at Kealakekua Bay. Peter Aughton has here used
letters, log records and the diaries of those involved in the voyage to tell an
enthralling account of James Cook's last days at sea and reveal the
extraordinary legacy he left behind."
Belliveau, Jeannette. 2006. Romance
on the Road: Traveling Women Who Love Foreign Men. Baltimore, MD: Beau
Monde Press. 410 pages. ISBN: 096523441X.
"Romance on
the Road describes the heretofore-neglected topic of women who travel to
find love with foreign men, with significant implications for the study of
mating behavior, the dating war, feminism and the globalization and
commodification of affection. The author describes her own experiences in Greece,
the Bahamas, the Caribbean and Brazil, and resulting book became a
high-spirited examination of how adventurous women are redefining sexual
geography.
Contents: 1. Female sex tourism and implications
for feminism: Feminism and unintended consequences; Mate shortages created
by marriage patterns: First World and Third World alike; Sex and the divorced
Baby Boomer woman; Mate selection in throes of a revolution; Widespread
involuntary celibacy: Female and male; 2. People: Female sexual pioneers
- in Southern Europe, Africa, Asia, Polynesia;
Gay men: Common motivations with Victorian women; Lesbians: Special
destinations and strategies; 3. History: Veiling laws, agricultural
development and female sexual freedom; Cleopatra, Babylon's sacred priestesses,
Turkish free spirits and Native American single women; History's first sex
destinations: Italy and Greece; Victorian female adventureresses: Rome, the
Near East, India; Spain, the Caribbean, West Africa and the 1960s explosion in
female sex tourism; Erica Jong, Terry McMillan and how novels accelerated
trends; Princess Diana, Osama bin Laden and the Middle East; Predictions of the
future of female sex tourism and its social impact; 4. Theory: The first
sexual geographer: Sir Richard Francis Burton; The female participant: Anne
Cumming, Fiona Pitt-Kethley; The novelist as theoretician: Paul Theroux, Michel
Houellebecq; The skeptical social scientist: April Gorry; 5. Places:
Overarching geographic patterns governing sex tourism destinations for men and
women; The world's two leading emporia for sex tourism: Thailand and the
Dominican Republic; Men's destinations: Southeast Asia, Latin America; Women's
destinations: Mediterranean, Africa, Caribbean; Gay destinations: Sitges, Cape
Town, Bangkok, Brazil; Lesbian destinations: Lesbos, Bali; The Zone of Sexual
Freedom: Africa; The Zone of Sexual Winter: East Asia; The Zone of Sexual
Violence: Melanesia; The Zone of
Abandonment: Oceania; Femininity,
masculinity, sex warfare and geography; Exclusive immigration data on foreign
wives and husbands of Americans; Emotional geography and the commodification of
sex."
Brookfield,
F.M. 2007. Waitangi and Indigenous Rights: Revolution, Law and Legitimation.
Revised edition. Auckland: Auckland University Press. 284 pages. ISBN: 978-1-86940-372-0
(pb)
"This is a revised edition of Jock Brookfield's
landmark study of issues surrounding the Treaty of Waitangi first published in
1999. Here he adds an extensive epilogue addressing three recent debates
relevant to his central topic: the Fiji revolutions, successful and attempted;
Maori customary title to the foreshore and seabed and the Foreshore and Seabed
Act of 2004; and the Rekohu Report (2001) of the Waitangi Tribunal on the
conflicting claims of Moriori and Ngati Mutungu on the Chatham Islands. He
deals with these complex and controversial matters with his usual careful,
thorough and principled approach dealing with the broad constitutional issues
and responding to comments made by other scholars. This new edition will be an
essential tool for all those working in the area and for anyone interested in
this vital contemporary debate."
DeLoughrey, Elizabeth M. 2007 (April). Routes and Roots: Navigating Caribbean and
Pacific Island Literatures. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. 352
pages. ISBN 978-0-8248-3122-6 (Cloth).
"Routes and Roots is the first comparative
study of Caribbean and Pacific Island literatures and the first work to bring
indigenous and diaspora literary studies together in a sustained dialogue.
Taking the 'tidalectic' between land and sea as a dynamic starting point,
Elizabeth DeLoughrey foregrounds geography and history in her exploration of
how island writers inscribe the complex relation between routes and roots.
The first section looks at the sea as history in
literatures of the Atlantic middle passage and Pacific Island voyaging,
theorizing the transoceanic imaginary. The second section turns to the land to
examine indigenous epistemologies in nation-building literatures. Both sections
are particularly attentive to the ways in which the metaphors of routes and
roots are gendered, exploring how masculine travelers are naturalized through
their voyages across feminized lands and seas. This methodology of charting
transoceanic migration and landfall helps elucidate how theories and people
travel, positioning island cultures in the world historical process. In fact,
DeLoughrey demonstrates how these tropical island cultures helped constitute
the very metropoles that deemed them peripheral to modernity.
Fresh in its ideas, original in its approach, Routes
and Roots engages broadly with history, anthropology, and feminist,
postcolonial, Caribbean, and Pacific literary and cultural studies. It
productively traverses diaspora and indigenous studies in a way that will
facilitate broader discussion between these often segregated disciplines."
Ley, Allison and Brij V. Lal (eds). 2006. The
Coombs Book: A House of Memories. Canberra: Research School of Pacific
and Asian Studies. 300 pages. ISBN: 1920942882 (pb).
"The Coombs Building at The Australian National
University is a Canberra icon. Named after one of Australia's greatest
administrators and public intellectuals - 'Nugget' Herbert Cole Coombs - for
more than forty years the building has housed two of the University's four
foundational Schools: the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies and the
Research School of Social Sciences. This volume of recollections is about the
former. It looks at life in the building through the prism of personal
experience and happenstance. Part memoir, part biography, and part celebration,
this book is about the people of Coombs, past and present. Through evocative
and lucid reflections, present and former denizens of the building share their
passions and predilections, quietly savour their accomplishments and recall the
failings and foibles of the past with a kindly tolerance.
Table of Contents: Acknowledgements; Foreword: The Coombs
Building, by William C. Clarke; Part I: The Coombs: 1. A Portrait: The
Coombs: Journeys and Transformations, by Brij V. Lal; Part II: A Room at the
Top: 2. Salad Days, by Oskar Spate; 3. An OHB Beginner, by Anthony Low; 4.
People and the Coombs Effect, by Wang Gungwu; 5. In the Room at the Top, by R.
Gerard Ward ; 6. Coombs Reflections, by Merle Ricklefs; 7. Turn Right at the
Buddha, by James J. Fox; Part III: Coombs Journeys: 8 . Hexagonal
Reflections on Pacific History, by Niel Gunson; 9. Seriously but not Solemnly,
by Bryant Allen; 10. A Wurm Turned in Coombs, by Darrell Tryon; 11. Northern
Exposure: The New Guinea Research Unit, by R.J. May; 12. On the Wrong Side of
Coombs? by John Ravenhill; 13. Prehistory: A Late Arrival, by Jack Golson; 14.
We, the Ethnographers, by Kathryn Robinson; 15. Real Australians in Economics,
by Ross Garnaut ; 16. Reflections of a Defence Intellectual, by Desmond Ball;
17. Political and Social Change: Not the Research School of Politics and
Sociology, by R.J. May; Part IV: Running the Coombs: 18. Sue's Story, by
Sue Lawrence; 19. PAMBU, the Islands and the Coombs, by Ewan Maidment; 20. EWG
and me, by Claire Smith; 21. Editing Reflections, by Maxine McArthur; 22.
Finding Nuggets in Coombs, by Allison Ley; 23. A Fly on the Wall of Room 4225,
by Jude Shanahan and Julie Gordon; 24. Fieldwork and Fireworks: A Lab
Assistant's Tales, by Gillian Atkin; 25. Coombs Administration, by Ann Buller;
26. At the Leading Edge: Computer Technology in Coombs, by Allison Ley; Part
V: Across Coombs: 27. Have You Got a Title? Seminar Daze, by Hank Nelson;
28 . Space Wars, by Colin Filer ; 29. Dark Side of the Coombs, by Allison Ley;
30. All Corridors Lead to the Tea Room, by Sophie Vilaythong and Lisa (Alicia)
Dal Molin with Maxine McArthur; Part VI: Coombs Memories: 31. Work and
Play in the Coombs Building 1967-73, by Peter Corris; 32. Recalling the Coombs
- Pacific History 1970-73, by Kerry Howe; 33. 1970s Coombs Dramas, by Grant
McCall; 34. The 'Catacoombs,' by Michael R. Godley; 35. The Old Hospital
Building, by Anton Ploeg; Part VII: Corridors of Coombs, Tessa
Morris-Suzuki; List of Contributors; Index."
Mead, Aroha Te Pareake and Steven Ratuva
(eds). 2007. Pacific Genes and Life Patents: Pacific Experiences and Analysis of the
Commodification and Ownership of Life. Yokohama: Call of the Earth
Llamado de la Tierra (COE) in conjunction with the United Nations University -
Institute of Advanced Studies (UNU-IAS). 273 pages. ISBN: 0-473-11237-X.
"The Pacific region has experienced more than its fair share of external
experimental research that has resulted in the commodification and misappropriation
of important elements of the ancestral heritage of communities. For others it
might be difficult to understand how a plant could be regarded as a living
ancestor, or that human blood could retain its life spirit even after it has
been collected for medical research. Such values are still very much part of
the daily lives and analysis of Pacific communities.
Pacific Genes and Life Patents has been developed as an educational resource to
inform a global audience about biotechnology and cultural and intellectual
property issues in the Pacific. The book presents the first publication of its
kind in the region in terms of profiling the direct experiences of Pacific
communities who have had an acrimonious encounter with science, biotechnology
and intellectual property rights. It records these events and the efforts
Pacific activists and communities have gone through In order to 'put right'
research, policy and legislation that has either gone askew or was not
developed to adequately and appropriately address the issues that come about
when, science, culture and property rights interface.
Contents: Preface, by A.H. Zakri; Foreword, by Aroha
Te Pareake Mead and Steven Ratuva; Biographical Details of Authors; Section
One: Aotearoa/New Zealand: Jessica Hutchings, Is Biotechnology an Appropriate
Development Path for Maori? Aroha Te Pareake Mead, The Polynesian Excellence Gene and Patent Bottom-Trawling; Paul
Reynolds, The Sanctity and
Respect for Whakapapa: The Case of Ngati Wairere and AgResearch; Linda
Tuhiwai Smith, Getting The
Story Right - Telling The Story Well, Indigenous Activism - Indigenous
Research; Cook Islands: Te Tika Mataiapo - Dorice Reid, Pig Cell 'Guinea Pigs' - An
Experience of Xenotourism: The Proposed Diatranz Experiment in the Cook
Islands; Fiji: Steven Ratuva, Na kilaka a vaka-Viti ni veikabula: Indigenous Knowledge and
the Fijian Cosmos: Implications on Bio-Prospecting; Joeli Vakabua, A Fijian's Perspective on the Use
and Ownership of Intellectual Property; Hawaii: Le'a Malia Kanehe, From Kumulipo: I Know Where I Come
From - An Indigenous Pacific Critique of the Genographic Project; Walter
Ritte and Le'a Malia Kanehe, Kuleana
No Holoa (Responsibility forTaro) Protecting the Sacred Ancestor From Ownership
and Genetic Modification; Papua New Guinea: Alphonse Kambu, An Analysis of Legal, Policy &
Ethical Issues in Papua New Guinea Post-Hagahai; Eric L Kwa, In the Wake of the Hagahai Patent:
Policy and Legal Developments on Gene Ownership and Technology; Tonga: Sister
Keiti Ann Kanongata'a, Autogen
and Bio-Ethics in Tonga: An Ethical and Theological Reflection; Lopeti
Senituli, Ngeia 'o e
Tangata - It's About Human Dignity; Samoa: Clark Peteru, The Mamala Plant Patent; Clark
Peteru, Comments on The
Pacific Regional Model Law on Traditional Biological Knowledge, Innovations and
Practices; Vanuatu: Chief Viraleo oborevanua and Motarilavoa Hilda
Lini, Vweu I Nagolumun
Rahuana - Safeguarding Genetic Inheritance - Turaga Experience; Section Two:
Pacific Instruments Relating to Genes and Gene Patents: The Mataatua
Declaration on Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples
(1993); Treaty For A Lifeforms Patent-Free Pacific And Related Protocols
(1995); United States Patent 5,397,696. Yanagihara, et al. March 14, 1995;
Papua New Guinea human T-lymphotropic virus (1995); Traditional Biological
Knowledge, Innovations And Practices Act (2000); Statement Of Bioethics
Consultation Tonga National Council Of Churches Centre Nukuoalofa, Tonga
(2001); Model Law For The Protection Of Traditional Knowledge And Expressions
Of Culture (2002); Paoakalani Declaration (2003).
This publication comprises the work of 16 Pacific Indigenous
authors who document the experiences and responses of Pacific Indigenous
communities to genetic research and products and patents on life forms."
Moore, Henrietta L. 2007. The
Subject of Anthropology: Gender, Symbolism and Psychoanalysis.
Cambridge: Polity Press. 288 pages. ISBN: 9780745608099 (pb) and 9780745608082
(hb).
"In this ambitious new book, Henrietta Moore
draws on anthropology, feminism and psychoanalysis to develop an original and
provocative theory of gender and of how we become sexed beings. Arguing that
the Oedipus complex is no longer the fulcrum of debate between anthropology and
psychoanalysis, she demonstrates how recent theorising on subjectivity, agency
and culture has opened up new possibilities for rethinking the relationship
between gender, sexuality and symbolism. Using detailed ethnographic material
from Africa and Melanesia to explore the strengths and weaknesses
of a range of theories in anthropology, feminism and psychoanalysis, Moore
advocates an ethics of engagement based on a detailed understanding of the
differences and similarities in the ways in which local communities and western
scholars have imaginatively deployed the power of sexual difference. She
demonstrates the importance of ethnographic listening, of focused attention to
peoplers' imaginations, and of how this illuminates different facets of complex
theoretical issues and human conundrums. Written not just for professional
scholars and for students but for anyone with a serious interest in how gender
and sexuality are conceptualised, experienced and imagined, this book is the
most powerful and persuasive assessment to date of what anthropology has to
contribute to these debates now and in the future."
Siegel, Jeff, John Lynch and Diana Eades
(eds). 2007. Language Description,
History and Development: Linguistic indulgence in Memory of Terry Crowley.
Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
"This volume in memory of Terry Crowley covers a
wide range of languages: Australian, Oceanic, Pidgins and Creoles, and
varieties of English.
Part I, Linguistic Description and Typology, includes
chapters on topics such as complex predicates and verb serialization, noun
incorporation, possessive classifiers, diphthongs, accent patterns, modals in
Australian English and directional terms in atoll-based languages.
Part II, Historical Linguistics and Linguistic
History, ranges from the reconstruction of Australian languages, to reflexes of
Proto-Oceanic, to the lexicon of early Melanesian Pidgin.
Part III, Language Development and Linguistic
Applications, comprises studies of lexicography, language in education, and
language endangerment and language revival, spanning the Pacific from South
Australia and New Zealand to Melanesia and on to Colombia. The volume will whet
the appetite of anyone interested in the latest linguistic research in this
richly multilingual part of the globe."
Stevenson, Christopher M., José Miguel
Ramírez Aliaga, Francis J. Morin, and Norma Barbacci (eds). 2005. The
Reñaca Papers: VI International Conference on Easter Island and the Pacific /
VI Congreso Internacional sobre Rapa Nui y el Pacifico. Los Osos, CA:
Easter Island Foundation. 544 pages. ISBN: 1-880636-08-5 (pb).
"Proceedings of the conference held at Reñaca,
Viña del Mar, Chile, 21-25 September 2004 and hosted by The Easter Island
Foundation and the University of Valparaíso, Chile.
This volume contains 54 papers in ten chapters, plus
Keynote Address by Atholl Anderson. English papers have Spanish abstracts;
Spanish papers have English abstracts. Subjects covered include:
palaeoenvironments, human settlement patterns, cultural identity, geophysical
studies, human eco-dynamics, human biology in Polynesia, Samoan studies,
anthropology and history, Pacific arts, language and culture, conservation
management."
AUSTRALIA
Attwood,
Bain and Andrew Markus. 2007 (May). The 1967 Referendum: Race, Power and the
Australian Constitution. 2nd edition. Camberra: Aboriginal Studies
Press. 176 pages. ISBN: 978-0-85575-555-3 (pb). First published in 1997 as: The 1967 Referendum, or, When the Aborigines
Didn't Get the Vote.
"On 27 May 1967 a remarkable event occurred: an
overwhelming majority of electors voted in a national referendum to amend
clauses of the Australian Constitution concerning Aboriginal people. 27 May
2007 is the 40th anniversary of this landmark event.
Nowadays, a younger generation have never heard of
this landmark event; an older generation remain unclear about its significance.
The referendum is commonly considered the turning
point in Australian historical and cultural life. The historic moment when
citizenship rights were granted - including the vote - and the Commonwealth
finally assumed responsibility for Aboriginal affairs. However, the outcomes
for Indigenous Australians haven't improved significantly. So what is the
referendum's value now?
This book explores the legal and political
significance of the referendum and the long struggle by Australians for
constitutional change. It traces the emergence of a series of powerful
narratives about the Australian Constitution and the status of Aborigines. It
reveals how and why the referendum acquired significance and has since become
the subject of highly charged myth in contemporary Australia.
Bain Attwood is Associate Professor of History, Monash
University. Andrew Markus is Professor of Jewish Civilisation and Director of
the Australian Centre for the Study of Jewish Civilisation, Monash University.
They collaborated on The Struggle for
Aboriginal Rights and Thinking Black.
Attwood is author of best-selling Rights
for Aborigines and the recent Telling
the Truth about Aboriginal History."
Austin-Broos,
Diane and Gaynor Macdonald (eds). 2005, Culture, Economy and Governance in
Aboriginal Australia: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at the University of
Sydney, 30 November - 1 December 2004. Sydney: University of Sydney
Press. ISBN: 1-9208982-0-4.
"A new book suggests that
the best policy response to current issues affecting rural and remote
Indigenous communities involves attending to cultural and regional differences
as well as providing jobs and better education.
A book of essays drawn from
the proceedings of an Australian Social Science Academy workshop, Culture,
Economy and Governance in Aboriginal Australia calls for a balancing of
these priorities if federal government resources are to be used effectively.
Written by Indigenous and
non-Indigenous scholars, among them anthropologists, demographers, and
economists, the papers provide a historical perspective on remote Indigenous
economies along with accounts of successes and failures.
In the past few years, the
book's editors say, the Australian federal government has significantly revised
its priorities concerning remote Indigenous communities. Attempts to improve
the poor health, education and low levels of employment in many communities
have taken precedence over the outstation movement and self-determining
governance.
At the same time, this
collection suggests that, if they are to prove successful, strategies to
improve health, education and employment cannot ignore the particular values
and concerns of remote Indigenous life. These values and concerns involve
regional ritual and kinship relations as well as the fear of racism in large
population centres where more jobs seem available.
As well as documenting the
current and increasingly serious employment situation for many Indigenous
Australians, the essays canvas various forms of response. Crucial aspects of
family life, education and Indigenous governance are also analysed.
The collection is required
reading for all Australians who wish to be better informed concerning the
current situation and the future of Indigenous communities."
Biddle, Jennifer. 2007 (March). Breasts,
Bodies, Canvas: Central Desert Art as Experience. Sydney: University of
New South Wales Press. 160 pages. ISBN:
9780868409948.
"A unique book that combines an appreciation of Aboriginal
art with contemporary theoretical concerns. On one level it is a beautifully
illustrated book about contemporary Aboriginal art from the Central Desert of
Australia, which has become immensely popular in the world's art markets. At
the same time the book will draw on various theoretical considerations as it
attempts to define, explain and understand this art."
Dé Ishtar, Zohl. 2005. Holding Yawalyu: White Culture
and Black Women's Law. Melbourne: Spinifex Press. 388 pages. ISBN:
1876756578.
"Mapping inter-cultural relationships as they are
played out in a remote Aboriginal settlement in Western Australia's Great Sandy
Desert, this book challenges White Australians to reconsider their relationship
with Indigenous peoples. Unpacking White cultural practices, it explores the
extraordinary difficulties which Indigenous women face when they attempt to
maintain and pass their cultural knowledge, customs and skills on to their
children and youth.
From 1999 to 2001, Zohl dé Ishtar lived and worked
intimately with a group of thirteen women elders to establish a vibrant
intergenerational cultural knowledge transmission program: the Kapululangu
Women's Law and Culture Centre. Through this profound experience Zohl
identified 'Living Culture', the cultural energy which is created when
individuals live their culture to its fullest expression enabling them to
transform their worlds even when to do so seems impossible. Her profound
radical feminist analysis of the socio-cultural context surrounding this Indigenous
women's initiative challenges White attitudes and behaviours and offers a
deeper comprehension to those who aspire to be involved in collaborative
projects with Indigenous peoples. A lyrical and passionate book.
Zohl dé Ishtar is the author of Daughters of the Pacific and Pacific
Women Speak Out for Independence and Denuclearisation. She is currently a
post-doctoral fellow at the Australian Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies,
University of Queensland."
Magowan, Fiona. 2006. Melodies of Mourning: Music and
Emotion in Northern Australia. Oxford: James Currey Publishers. 288
pages. ISBN: 9780852559925 (pb) and 9780852559932 (hb).
"This work presents a theoretically rich and
ethnographically vivid account of the way that song, dance and musical sensitivity
weave into the lives of an aboriginal community of Australia. It focuses upon
the song and associated emotional experience of women, and the way in which
children are socialized into the musical and imaginative discourses and
practices of the adult world. It makes a distinctive contribution to the
tradition of anthropological analysis which focuses on the located nature of
human sensual experience.
Contents: Introduction; Song, sense and sentiment;
Changing cultural rhythms; Ecologies of song; Performing emotions; Seeing in
sound; Embodying ancestors; Crying for Jesus; Unifying religious experiences;
Senses of empathy; Notes on orthography; Glossary; Appendix; References."
Muecke, Stephen. 2005. Textual Spaces: Aboriginality and
Cultural Studies. Revised edition. Bentley, Perth: API Network,
Australian Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology. First published
in 1992 by New South Wales University Press. 194 pages. ISBN: 1920845100.
"How does one talk about Aboriginality? Is it
best talked 'about' by academics? Or talked 'through' by Aboriginal people? In
the end, does academic discourse represent Aboriginality, negotiate it, or
perhaps, somehow, own it? Must it be discussed in English, or by using
individual aboriginal languages or Aboriginal English? Through written
languages, spoken languages, through physical depictions? Textual Spaces: Aboriginality and Cultural Studies discusses the
implications of the use of language, especially in the politically loaded
relationships between the speakers and those spoken about. Muecke addresses the
idea of representation and asks us whose representation it is. Is it Academia
giving aboriginals a 'representation' in society or do aboriginals themselves
exercise the right to 'representation'? - Rhian Healy in API Review of
Books."
Nichol, Raymond Matthew. 2005. Socialization,
Land, and Citizenship Among Aboriginal Australians: Reconciling Indigenous and
Western Forms of Education. Lewiston: Edward Mellen Press. 480 pages.
ISBN: 978-0-7734-5935-9.
"Culturally appropriate education for people of
Indigenous descent is not a privilege; it is a fundamental right. Such an
education is also a powerful resource for all educators and all cultures. This
book explores Indigenous Australian education, particularly over the last
thirty years. The major objective is to examine issues of education and
pedagogy and to suggest forms of reconciliation between the dominant Western
education and Indigenous forms of education. The work is grounded in an
ethnographic case study and wide-ranging interaction and consultation with
Indigenous Australians. The provision of the most appropriate education for
Indigenous students is extraordinarily complex and presents an enormous
challenge to educators, in Australia and elsewhere. The implications are
profound; continued ignorance and arrogance from the dominant cultures will
lead to even greater resentment, social alienation, poverty and divisiveness.
The book explores these issues and concerns in both the broad historical, and more
particular localized sense, each informing the other.
Contents: Preface by Professor Rob Gilbert;
Acknowledgements; Introduction; Learning about Socialisation in the Indigenous
World: The Wangaaypuwan and Wiradjuri; Transforming the 'Natives': Background
to the Case Study; Researching Education and Indigenous Australians
Examining Culture Contact: Colonialism and Resistance;
From 'Dying Pillow' to Assimilation: Educational Implications; Educating for
Self-Management, The 1960s to the 2000s; Aboriginal Education in New South
Wales: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries; Education for the Indigenous
Community; Education for Integration and Self-Management; Secondary Schooling:
Towards a More Effective Pedagogy; Towards Reconciliation: Pedagogy and
Citizenship; Appendices, 1,2,3,4; Bibliography; Index."
Sharpe, Margaret. 2005. Grammar
and Texts of the Yugambeh-Bundjalung Dialect Chain in Eastern Australia.
München: Lincom Europe. 194 pages. ISBN: 3895867845 (pb).
"The Yugambeh-Bandjalang chain of dialects (most
now either extinct or having only limited use) stretches from some 16 km south
of Brisbane to north of Yamba on the mouth of the Clarence River in New South
Wales, and inland almost to Tenterfield (NSW) and past Warwick (Qld). It is a
member of the Pama-Nyungan family of Australian languages. Dialect names (which
include Yugambeh, Bandjalang and Gidhabal) were mostly named for the way some
words were pronounced, the named being assigned sometimes by the group in
question and sometimes by their neighbours. Reasonably uncommon among
Australian languages there are fricative allophonic variations in the four
obstruents (written b, d, j/dh/dj, g/k in practical orthographies); word
medially /d/ and /j/ collapse together to an interdental fricative, an alveopalatal
stop or a sibilant fricative according to dialect.
The language is ergative; however pronouns and nouns for large animate
creatures also have accusative inflection. There are or were four genders,
masculine and feminine applying to humans, arboreal to trees, and neuter to
everything else. There are no bound pronouns, and the language is aspect
prominent, with a number of orders of verbal suffixes including one for
antipassivity/reflexivity. Up to about 14 common verbs are irregular to a
lesser or greater degree, but all other inflections of verbs and nouns followed
predictable patterns."
Worby, Gus and Lester-Irabinna Rigney
(eds). 2006. Sharing Spaces: Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Responses to Story,
Country and Rights. Bentley, Perth: API Network, Australian Research
Institute, Curtin University of Technology. 488 pages. ISBN 1-920845 20-8.
" This broad-ranging, interrelated collection of
conversations and essays by Elders, Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars
addresses a range of contemporary issues including the politics of sharing
space derived from a colonial history of non-sharing, the relationship between
the stories Australians tell themselves about their place in the world as
peoples and nation, the differing concepts of country and knowledge that give
stories their context and meaning and the way this combination of grounded
narratives animates and informs rights discourse - in Australia and
beyond."
MELANESIA
Bamford, Sandra. 2007 (February). Biology
Unmoored: Melanesian Reflections on Life and Biotechnology. Berkeley:
University of California Press. 245 pages. ISBN: 978-0-520-24712-3 (hc) and
978-0-520-24713-0 (pb).
"Biology
Unmoored is an engaging examination of what it means to live in a world
that is not structured in terms of biological thinking. Drawing upon three
years of ethnographic research in the highlands of Papua New Guinea, Sandra
Bamford describes a world in which physiological reproduction is not perceived
to ground human kinship or human beings' relationship to the organic world.
Bamford also exposes the ways in which Western ideas about relatedness do
depend on a notion of physiological reproduction. Her innovative analysis
includes a discussion of the advent of assisted reproductive technologies
(ARTs), the mapping of the human genome, cloning, the commodification of
biodiversity, and the manufacture and sale of genetically modified organisms
(GMOs).
Contents: List of Illustrations; Acknowledgments;
Introduction: Conceptual Frameworks; 1. Cultural Landscapes; 2. Insubstantial
Identities; 3. Embodiments of Detachment; 4. (Im)Mortal Undertakings; 5.
Conceiving Global Identities; Conclusion: Conceptual; Displacements; Notes;
References; Index.
Sandra Bamford is Associate Professor of Anthropology
at the University of Toronto. She is the editor of Embodying Modernity and Postmodernity: Ritual, Praxis and Social Change
in Melanesia, and coeditor of Genealogy
- Beyond Kinship: Sequence, Transmission and Essence in Ethnography and Social
Theory."
Bamford, Sandra C. (ed.). 2006. Embodying
Modernity and Post-Modernity: Ritual, Praxis, and Social Change in Melanesia.
Durham: Carolina Academic Press. 316 pages. ISBN: 978-0-89089-476-7 (pb).
" This collection of original essays critically
examines the relationship between ritual, embodiment, and social change in the
South Pacific. Over the past few decades, the societies of Melanesia have
undergone profound and revolutionary social change. Encounters with
colonialism, postcolonialism, and the forces of globalization have put indigenous
peoples in touch with processes of state formation, late capitalist culture,
and the emergence of a complex network of transnational identities. In addition
to shaping the contours of the nation state, these developments are having a
profound impact on the nature of embodied experience. In recent years, many
Melanesian societies have witnessed the rise of charismatic Christianity,
changing gender configurations, and the growing use of consumerism as a means
of defining new social and political hierarchies.
Embodying Modernity and
Post-Modernity provides
detailed analyses of those social changes that are becoming part of
contemporary Melanesia. Written by scholarly experts with first-hand fieldwork
experience, this volume furnishes novel insights concerning the social
implications of modernity and postmodernity. More specifically, it addresses
two interrelated themes: how the rise of new social and economic forms has
influenced the ways in which Melanesians think about, experience and act upon
their bodies, and the ways in which these new forms of bodily experience
contribute to the emergence of new social and cultural identities.
Contents: 1. Bodies in Transition: An Introduction
to Emerging Forms of Praxis in the Pacific, Sandra Bamford; 2. Producing Ömie Locality, Marta
A. Rohatynskyj; 3. 'Our
Skins are Weak': Ipili Modernity and the Demise of Discipline, Jerry Jacka;
4. Machine-Thinking: Changing Social and Bodily Divisions around the Ok Tedi
Mining Project, Tony Crook; 5. 'Dying Culture' and Decaying Bodies, Thomas
Strong; 6. Modalities of Modernity in Maisin Society, John Barker;
7. Unholy Noses, Sandra Bamford; 8. The Thickness of Blood: Kwoma
Definitions of 'Us' and 'You,' Margaret
Holmes Williamson; 9. 'Family Planning': The Politics of Reproduction in
Central New Ireland, Karen Sykes; 10. Self-Decoration in Hagen and Duna
(Papua New Guinea): Display and Disjuncture, Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew
Strathern; 11. A Body of Postcards from Vanuatu, Lamont Lindstrom;
Afterword - Embodied Historicities, Eric
Hirsch. "
Claus, Marga. 2006. De vader van Serafyn.
Amsterdam: Van Gennep. 320 pages. ISBN: 9789055156351.
"In 1962 laat de jonge franciscaan Gerhard het
klooster achter zich om in de vroegere Nederlandse kolonie Nieuw-Guinea het
bestaan te delen van de Papoea's. Het wordt de mooiste maar ook de zwaarste
tijd van zijn leven. Twintig jaar lang verblijft hij bij een stam in het
hooggebergte en deelt hij in hun lief en leed. Door een bijzondere samenloop
van omstandigheden komt Gerhard ertoe zich over een vondeling te ontfermen; hij
neemt haar aan als dochter en noemt haar Serafyn. Langzaam aan worden hem de
idealen duidelijk van zijn dertiende-eeuwse leermeester, Franciscus van Assisi.
Voor zijn gezondheid moet hij begin jaren tachtig
voorgoed terug naar Friesland. Als hij in 1996 zijn aantekeningen begint uit te
werken, confronteert zijn vroegere hulp Taddeus hem met de bloedige
werkelijkheid waarin de Papoea's leven: aanhoudende schendingen van de
mensenrechten door het Indonesische leger, plunderingen van de bodemschatten,
de wanhoop van de vrijheidsstrijders. Gerhard sterft voor zijn verslag af is.
Zijn medebroeder Johan, net terug uit Nieuw-Guinea, werkt de notities om tot
een boek, om zo de verhalen door te geven over het volk waarvan ze beiden zo veel
hielden.
Het verhaal van De
vader van Serafyn baseerde Marga Claus op de ervaringen van een Friese
pater die naar de missie in Nieuw-Guinea ging. Zo komt ze tot dit indringende
tijdsbeeld waarin de moeilijkheden van het missieleven en het tragische lot van
de Papoea's elkaar raken.
Oorspronkelijke titel: De heit fan Serafyn."
Friedlaender, Jonathan S. (ed.). 2007
(April). Population Genetics, Linguistics, and Culture History in the Southwest
Pacific. New York: Oxford University Press. 272 pages. ISBN:
978-0-19-530030-7 (hb).
"The broad arc of islands north of Australia that
extends from Indonesia east towards the central Pacific is home to a set of
human populations whose concentration of diversity is unequaled elsewhere.
Approximately 20% of the worlds languages are spoken here, and the biological
and genetic heterogeneity among the groups is extraordinary. Anthropologist
W.W. Howells once declared diversity in the region so Protean as to defy
analysis. However, this book can now claim considerable success in describing
and understanding the origins of the genetic and linguistic variation there.
In order to cut through this biological knot, the
authors have applied a comprehensive battery of genetic analyses to an
intensively sampled set of populations, and have subjected these and
complementary linguistic data to a variety of phylogenetic analyses. This has
revealed a number of heretofore unknown ancient Pleistocene genetic variants
that are only found in these island populations, and has also identified the
genetic footprints of more recent migrants from Southeast Asia who were the
ancestors of the Polynesians. The book lays out the very complex structure of
the variation within and among the islands in this relatively small region, and
a number of explanatory models are tested to see which best account for the
observed pattern of genetic variation here. The results suggest that a number
of commonly used models of evolutionary divergence are overly simple in their
assumptions, and that often human diversity has accumulated in very complex
ways.
Contents: Part One: The
Framework: 1. Introduction
(Jonathan S. Friedlaender); 2. Island Melanesian Pasts - A view from
Archaeology (Glenn Summerhayes); 3. Recent Research on the Historical
Relationships of the Papuan Languages: or, What does Linguistics Say about the
Prehistory of Melanesia? (Andrew Pawley); Part Two: Core Studies in Northern
Island Meleanesia: 4. Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Northern Island
Melanesia (Jonathan S Friedlaender, Francoise R. Friedlaender, Jason A.
Hodgson, Stacy McGrath, Matthew Stoltz, George Koki, Theodore G. Schurr, D.
Andrew Merriwether); 5. Y Chromosome Variation in Island Melanesia (Laura
Scheinfeldt, Francoise R. Friedlaender, Jonathan S. Friedlaender, Krista Latham,
George Koki, Tatiana Karafet, Michael Hammer, Joseph Lorenz); 6. Pigmentation
and Candidate Gene Variation in Northern Island Melanesia (Heather Norton,
George Koki, Jonathan Friedlaender); 7. The Distribution of an
Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism on Chromosome 22 (Renato Robledo); 8. The
Languages of Island Melanesia (Eva Lindström, Angela Terrill, Ger Reesink,
Michael Dunn); Chapter 9. Inferring Prehistory from Genetic, Linguistic, and
Geographic Variation (Keith Hunley, Michael Dunn, Eva Lindström, Ger Reesink,
Angela Terrill, Heather Norton, Laura Scheinfeldt, Françoise R. Friedlaender,
D. Andrew Merriwether, George Koki, Jonathan S. Friedlaender); Part Three:
Related Studies in Regional Phylogenetics: 10. Animal Translocations,
Genetic Variation and the Human Settlement of the Pacific (Elizabeth
Matisoo-Smith); 11. Viral Phylogeny and Human Migration in the Southwest
Pacific (Jill Czarnecki, Jonathan S. Friedlaender, Gerald Stoner); 12. Origin
of Plant Exploitation in Near Oceania: A Review (Robin Allaby); 13.
Extraordinary Population Structure Among the Baining of New Britain (Jason
Wilder and Michael F. Hammer); 14. Allotype Variation in the Southwest Pacific
(Moses S. Schanfield, Frank. B. Austin, Peter. B. Booth, D. Carlton. Gajdusek,
Richard. W. Hornabrook, Keith. P. W. McAdams, Jan. J. Saave, Susan. W.
Serjeantson, Graeme. W. Woodfield); 15. Neutral and Malaria Selected
Polymorphisms of the Pacific (J. Koji Lum); 16. Conclusion (Jonathan S
Friedlaender)."
Gunn, Michael. 2006. Ritual Art at the Source: Malagan
on Tabar Island, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. Belair, SA: Crawford
House Publishing. 350 pages. ISBN: 1863332359 (hc).
"Some of the most fascinating masks and
figurative sculpture created in the South Pacific have come from the Tabar
Islands of New Ireland in Papua New Guinea. Ever since this art tradition was
brought to Western attention by Abel Tasman in 1643, scholars have been seduced
by the urge to interpret the symbolism apparent on many of these artworks.
Explorers first, then whalers, traders, missionaries, and professional artefact
collectors managed to bring to the West perhaps 5000 works of art from northern
New Ireland, including Tabar, and many of the surviving artworks are to be
found today in museums and private collections throughout the West.
Michael Gunn was one of those scholars who was seduced
by the almost irresistible urge to interpret the symbolism found on malagan
artworks from northern New Ireland. After several years of preliminary research
in museums in the West, he traveled to the Tabar Islands, legendary source of
the malagan ritual that resulted in the creation of many of these masks and
painted wooden figures. He had anticipated that this work would be a form of
ethnohistory - asking the old men about a tradition long dead, more an exercise
in the effects of memory upon the re-creation of culture. But to his surprise
Gunn found that malagan was still alive and actively practiced by the 2500
people living on Tabar in 1982.
This book results from a bargain that Gunn struck with
some of the Big Men on Tabar - they would direct his research, and he would
eventually publish it. His initial interest in symbolism soon dwindled when he
was repeatedly told that 'we could reinvent meanings for you, if you want, but
its our reality that we want you to document'. 'Our reality' entailed visiting
every village on Tabar, locating each of the owners of the art-producing
malagan ritual, then asking him (or occasionally her) which part of the malagan
ritual property he or she owned. This resulted in descriptions of more than 450
distinct works of malagan sculpture and masks, as well as providing the basis
for an understanding of a structure of the malagan subtraditions on Tabar - the
structure that contains all the ownership rights of malagan. For it became
quite apparent that all aspects of malagan were controlled by copyright, and
that no malagan object could be created outside the copyright system. But it
was also made clear that non-malagan art objects (including masks) could be created
and used outside but in close proximity to the malagan system.
In addition to providing a description and analysis of
the malagan art-producing ritual traditions as practiced on Tabar in the late
20th century, this book also includes a number of photographs of malagan
figures and masks, as well as other objects of material culture that were
collected from the Tabar Islands during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Contents: Preface; Acknowledgements; List of maps,
illustrations and tables; 1. Introduction; 2. Malagan ritual behaviour: Death
and burial sequence; 3. Malagan ritual behaviour: Commemorative sequence; 4.
Social and cultural connections of malagan; 5. Taxonomic structure and typology
of malagan on Tabar; 6. Conclusions; Appendices: A. Malagan big-name
subtraditions and components; B. Selected tap transcripts of oral traditions,
recorded from Tabar, 1982, 1983-84; Glossary; References; Index.
Michael Gunn became fascinated by the art of New
Ireland when he worked as a volunteer the Australian Museum in Sydney in 1980.
Later, as a curator at the Northern Territory Museum in Darwin, Gunn and his
wife, Bee, documented malagan ritual on the Tabar Islands. From 1994 to 1999,
while working as a curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, he
was able to examine thousands of pieces from New Ireland, which were collected
in the 19th century and are now in museums in Europe. He is currently curator
for Oceanic Art at the Saint Louis Art Museum, and has just returned from his
third field-trip to New Ireland."
Kivimäki, Timo. 2006. Initiating a Peace Process in
Papua: Actors, Issues, Process, and the Role of the International Community.
Honolulu: East-West Center. 88 pages. ISBN: 978-1-932728-49-1 (online version).
Retrieved May 21, 2007, from the World Wide Web at: http://www.eastwestcenter.org/stored/pdfs/PS025.pdf.
"Drawing on the Aceh peace process that resulted
in the Helsinki agreement, this study investigates the possibility of a peace
process to resolve the conflict over the political status of Papua vis-à-vis
Indonesia."
Lal, Brij Vilash. 2006. Islands
of Turmoil: Elections and Politics in Fiji. Canberra: Asia Pacific
Press. 282 pages. ISBN: 978-0731537518.
"It is not so much whether things are not as bad
as they ought to be or could have been. It is, rather, whether things could be,
could have been, much better.
By rights, the island nation of Fiji should be
thriving. It is easily the most developed country in the South Pacific; it is a
hub for regional transportation and communication links, the home of
international diplomatic, educational and aid organisations, with a talented
multiethnic population. Yet, since its independence it has suffered two
military coups in 1987 and an attempted putsch in 2000, resulting in strained
race relations, damage to the economy, poorly developed public institutions,
and disrupted improvements to essential infrastructure, education and social
and medical services.
Brij V. Lal examines these issues historically by
focusing on the last two decades of Fiji's post-independence life. He maps the
contours of Fiji's political development in an attempt to shed light on Fiji's
social and economic fragmentation."
Majnep, Ian Saem and Ralph Bulmer. 2007. Animals the Ancestors Hunted: An Account of the Wild Mammals of the
Kalam Area, Papua New Guinea. Edited by Robin Hide and Andrew Pawley.
Illustrated by Christopher Healey. Belair, SA: Crawford House Publishing Australia. 452 pages. ISBN:
978-1-86333-298-9 (pb).
"This is the second volume of a planned trilogy
on Kalam ethnobiology by Ian Saem Majnep, a native speaker of Kalam, and Ralph
Bulmer, a social anthropologist, the first being Birds of My Kalam Country,
which appeared in 1977.
The present book has an unusual history. Majnep
completed the Kalam text of Animals the Ancestors Hunted in the early
1980s. Before Bulmer died in 1988 he had translated the Kalam text into English
and added commentaries to some of the chapters. The task of editing the
bilingual version as a series of working papers then fell to Andrew Pawley,
Bulmer's literary executor. Later, in accordance with the wishes of Majnep and
Bulmer, Robin Hide and Pawley prepared for publication an English-only version
of the book, a task that occupied several years.
Majnep has now drafted most of the Kalam text for the
third volume of the trilogy, Kalam Plant Lore. However, a vast amount of
work remains to be done before an English version of this with commentaries
will be ready
The Book is a very special kind of animal book. The
first author, Majnep, grew up on the edge of the cool upper montane forest,
hunting, foraging and gardening and absorbing an immense body of traditional
knowledge and belief about animals and wider Kalam natural history. Saem gives
an insider's view of the wild mammals of his home area and shows how Kalam
animal lore is woven into the customary life of his people.
Some 53 species of wild terrestrial mammals (28
marsupials, 24 rodents and the wild New Guinea singing dog) are present in and
near the Kaironk Valley. The Kalam high-order taxonomy of mammals is very
different to that of Western zoologists. They divide terrestrial mammals into
two broad categories: kmn 'game mammals', that is, the larger marsupials
and giant rats, that are mainly arboreal and are men's prime game, and as 'small
mammals and frogs', that are mainly ground-dwelling and are hunted chiefly by
women. In over twenty chapters, Saem describes these animals, grouping them in
terms of their appearance, habitats and behaviour. Over the past 50 years the
Kalam have gone from pre-contact isolation to partial participation in the
modern world. This shift has come at a price - much of the natural history
knowledge that Saem records is in danger of being lost to younger Kalam, and to
the scientific world.
The book includes three major appendices detailing the
mammals recorded in the Kalam region, their Kalam names, and the hundreds of
plants that are of significance in the text.
About the authors. Ian
Saem Majnep was
born about 1948 among the Kalam people, in the remote southwest corner of
Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, a region that came under government control
in 1959. At the age of 15 Saem met the anthropologist Ralph Bulmer, who had
begun an interdisciplinary team study of Kalam society, language and
environment. Later he became Bulmer's leading field assistant and co-author in
a series of projects. Their first book was the ground-breaking Birds of My Kalam Country,
published in 1977. Saem then began to write in Kalam the core chapters of Animals the Ancestors Hunted.
Bulmer translated these and added commentaries to some. Ralph Bulmer was Professor
of Anthropology at the University of PNG from 1968-73 and then at the
University of Auckland until 1988. Much of his own extensive fieldwork among
the Kalam was devoted to ethnobiology. After Bulmer's premature death in 1988
the tasks of completing the commentaries, indices and appendices and editing
the English text for publication were undertaken by Andrew Pawley and Robin
Hide.
About the editors and the
illustrator. Robin Hide is an ecological anthropologist who has worked
extensively in PNG. Andrew Pawley
is a linguist who has worked with the Kalam since 1963. Christopher Healey, who drew
the illustrations, is a social anthropologist who studied bird of paradise
hunting and trade among the Maring, the eastern neighbours of the Kalam."
Naepels, Michel and Christine Salomon
(eds). 2007. Terrains et destins de Maurice Leenhardt. Paris: Éditions de l'École
des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS). 166 pages. ISBN:
978-2-7132-2115-6.
"Table of contents (all articles in French): M. Naepels and C. Salomon: Between Ethnology
and Moral Issues; B. de L'Estoile: Politics of the Soul: Ethnology and Colonial
Humanism; F. Keck: Mythical or mystical mentality? Maurice Leenhardt and Lucien
Levy-Bruhl; M. Naepels: The Concept of Person and Missionnary Dynamics; M.
Naepels: Maurice Leenhardt's Fieldwork Practices; M. P. Salaün: Missionary
Education, Colonial Education (Do Neva, 1903-1926); H. Mokaddem: Kanak uses of
Social Sciences: Jean-Marie Tjibaou Reader of Maurice Leenhardt; Annex:
Jean-Marie Tjibaou: A Lecture on Leenhardt, Musee de L'Homme Symposium, Paris,
April 13th 1978.
By examining the practices and the ideas of Maurice
Leenhardt (1878-1954), missionary and ethnologist of New Caledonia, in several
universes, this book sheds light on the production of the ethnographic
knowledge in a colonial situation, on the relation between colonization, mission
and the anthropological knowledge, and on Christianity in Oceania. Close to
Lucien Levy-Bruhl and Marcel Mauss, a colonial reformist of humanistic
inspiration - but not a forerunner of the Kanak national movement - , he took
part in the institutionalization of ethnology in 1930s' France. Taking up James
Clifford's call to read Leenhardt anew, this volume shows how the missionary
project of M. Leenhardt directed his theoretical interests (studying mind or
mentality with a view to conversion ), his problematization focused on the
person, the family and the religion, his 'fieldwork', or educational practices.
Back to the 2003 debate, the book closely examines the relationship between
Leenhardt and Levy-Bruhl, and states that if Leenhardt clearly was anti-rational
and maybe anti-individual, he certainly not ended up anti-colonial and
anti-missionary."
Papoutsaki, Evangelia and Dick Rooney
(eds). 2006. Media, Information and Development in Papua New Guinea. Madang:
Divine Word University Press. 227 pages. ISBN: 9980- 9956-1-0 (pb).
"In Papua New Guinea, as in other South Pacific
Islands, there has been a noticeable lack of research into media and little
information about how people use the media. Lack of proper research in this
field has further contributed to a general perception that communication is not
a priority for the country's development.
This book touches on a wide number of media issues in
PNG, such as ethics, freedom of expression, ownership, journalism education,
community media, culture and identity and government and media. Its approached
these issues through a communication and development perspective."
Scott, Michael W. 2007 (March). The
Severed Snake: Matrilineages, Making Place, and a Melanesian Christianity in
Southeast Solomon Islands. Durham: Carolina Academic Press. 414 pages.
ISBN: 978-1-59460-153-8 (pb).
"Examining the secretive dynamics of competing
land claims among the Arosi of the island of Makira (Solomon Islands), Michael
W. Scott demonstrates the explanatory power of ethnographic attention to the
nexus between practice and indigenous theories of being.
His focus on the ways in which Arosi understand their
matrilineages to be the bearers of discrete categorical essences exclusively
emplaced in ancestral territories forms the basis for a timely and accessible
rethink of current anthropological representations of Melanesian sociality and
opens up new lines of inquiry into the transformative relationships among
gendered metaphors of descent, processes of place making, and the indigenization
of Christianity.
Informed by original historical research and newly
documented variants of regionally important mythic traditions, The Severed Snake is a work of
multidisciplinary scope that proposes critical and methodological shifts
relevant to historians, development professionals, folklorists, and scholars of
religion as well as anthropologists.
Contents: List of Illustrations; Series
Editors' Preface; Acknowledgments; Prologue; Abbreviations; Introduction
Comparative Ontology; 1. The Appearance of an Arosi Village; 2. Moving Toward
Heterotopia; 3. 'Where is the Kastom Landowner?' Maasina Rule in Arosi;
4. Cutting the Cord: Reproduction as Cosmogony; 5. Re-Presenting Autochthonous
Histories; 6. Being and Becoming Auhenua; 7. Present Primordialities; 8. The Severed Snake: Scales of
Origin; 9. Arosi Ethno-theologies; Glossary; Bibliography; Index."
Stanley, Nick (ed.). 2007 (Spring). The
Future of Indigenous Museums: Perspectives from the Southwest Pacific.
New York: Berghahn Books. 272 pages. ISBN 978-1-84545-188-2 (hb).
"Indigenous museums and cultural centres have
sprung up across the developing world, and particularly in the Southwest
Pacific. They derive from a number of motives, ranging from the commercial to
the cultural political (and many combine both). A close study of this
phenomenon is not only valuable for museological practice but, as has been
argued, it may challenge our current bedrock assumptions about the very nature
and purpose of the museum. This book looks to the future of museum practice
through examining how museums have evolved particularly in the non-western
world to incorporate the present and the future in the display of culture. Of
particular concern is the uses to which historic records are put in the service
of community development and cultural renaissance.
Nick Stanley is Director of Research and Chair of
Postgraduate Studies at Birmingham Institute of Art and Design, University of
Central England. He has worked on collections and display within museums of
Oceanic materials both in Melanesia as well as Europe and North America. His
current work is on the artistic production of the Asmat people in West
Papua."
Stewart, Pamela J. and Andrew Strathern
(eds). 2007 (June). Exchange and Sacrifice. Durham: Carolina Academic Press. ISBN:
978-1-59460-179-8 (pb).
"Inspired by the research of the French
anthropologist Daniel de Coppet on exchange, death, and compensation in the
Solomon Islands within the South-West Pacific region, this edited collection
highlights the fundamental connections between exchange and sacrifice as ritual
practices within cosmological frameworks. The volume builds on both de Coppet's
work and that of Marcel Mauss in The Gift
and provides new insights from an engaging set of established scholars. The
chapters in Exchange and Sacrifice
stress the dynamic performativity of exchanges and their deep connections with
ideas of sacrifice. This collection of theoretically and ethnographically
focused essays will be valuable to those interested in the classic debates in
social/cultural anthropology on ritual and religious systems of material and
spiritual interaction, and the politics of 'the gift.'"
World Bank, Australian Agency for
International Development (AusAID), and Asian Development Bank. 2007 (May). Papua
New Guinea: Strategic Directions for Human Development. London: World
Bank Publications, Eurospan Group. 250 pages. ISBN: 978-0-8213-6987-6 (pb).
"There is an emerging consensus in Papua New
Guinea (PNG) - both at the governmental level and among civil society more
generally - that there is a large unfinished human development agenda.
Currently health, HIV/AIDS, and education outcomes are far less than
commensurate with expenditure effort, and provision of basic services in many
parts of the country is failing. The authors show the critical need to focus
public resources on outcomes and cost-effectiveness while reducing sectoral
fragmentation and addressing the decline in the integrity of government
systems."
Young, Douglas W. 2004. "Our
Land is Green and Black": Conflict Resolution in Enga. Goroka:
Melanesian Institute. 318 pages. ISBN: 9980-65-002-8.
Point No. 28.
"This book is concerned with conflict
resolution. Young explores various situations and developments in Enga as
conflicting elements are resolved, and in doing so he describes the numerous
cultural relationships and values that are involved in a Melanesian society.
This is certainly one of the most outstanding books that deal with modern and
traditional Papua New Guinea as it moves into the third millennium."
MICRONESIA
Wright, Derrick. 2005. Pacific Victory: Tarawa to
Okinawa, 1943-1945. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. 256 pages. ISBN:
9780750937467 (hb). Foreword: Brig. Gen. E.H. Simmons USMC.
"The American 'island-hopping' campaign in the Pacific
during the Second World War was a crucial factor in the eventual defeat of
Japan in 1945. The assault and capture of these islands meant US bombers and
their fighter escorts could now reach mainland Japan, eventually crippling
Japan's war economy. In November 1943, Tarawa tested the doctrine of seaborne
assault to the limit in a 76-hour battle in which Marines waded ashore from the
surrounding reefs in the face of murderous enemy fire. In the Marshall Islands
in the following January, the lessons learned were put into practice and Army
units were deployed alongside the Marines. In June 1944 the US Marine Corps
secured the main islands of the Marianas group to facilitate the construction
of massive airfields for the bombing campaign against the Japanese mainland.
Peleliu in September 1944 was the 'unknown battle', where a combination of poor
planning, dubious leadership and a major change in Japanese defensive strategy
turned what was expected to be a three-day battle into one of the most savage
battles of the war. Iwo Jima in February 1945 was a titanic struggle that
eclipsed all these battles, as three Marine divisions struggled in appalling
conditions against an enemy for whom surrender was not an option. That April a
massive Marine/Army operation against Okinawa was a foretaste of what could be
expected in the proposed assault on the Japanese mainland. These battles were
all characterised by savage fighting and heavy casualties on both sides.
Employing archive colour and black and white photographs, maps and first-hand
accounts, the author relates these pivotal battles to the wider struggle
against the Japanese in the Pacific."
Wukovits, John F. 2006. One
Square Mile of Hell: The Battle of Tarawa. New York: New American
Library (NAL) Caliber. 320 pages. ISBN: 978-0451218476 (hc).
"In the Tarawa atoll lies the tiny islet of Betio
- barely a speck on the map in the Pacific Ocean. In November 1943, the young
men of the 2d Marine Division watched in awe as naval and air bombardments
smashed and incinerated the island and its Japanese defenses. Then they were to
simply sweep across the island, clearing out any token resistance, and return
to their waiting ships.
But when the Marines landed, the truth became
nightmarishly clear as the Japanese - most of whom had, incredibly, survived
the onslaught - poured out of their protective subterranean bunkers and began
one of the most brutal and bloody encounters of World War II. During the
ensuing three days of nonstop fighting, the entire island was transformed into
an all-encompassing kill zone. Attackers and defenders faced off with one
another over every square inch of sand in a battle with no defined front lines,
in which combatants found themselves mixed together in a chaotic hell of cross
fires, and where there was no possibility of retreat - if only because there
was nowhere to retreat to. It was a clash that would leave both sides stunned
and exhausted, and prove both the fighting mettle of the Americans and the
fanatical devotion of the Japanese.
Drawn from new sources, such as participants' letters
and diaries and exclusive firsthand interviews with survivors of those bloody
three days, One Square Mile of Hell is
the riveting true account of a battle between two determined foes, neither of
whom would ever look at the other in the same way again."
POLYNESIA
Biggs, Bruce. 2006. Let's Learn Maori.
Reprint of the 1998 edition. Auckland: Auckland University Press. 208 pagers.
ISBN: 1- 86940-186-7 (pb).
"Let's
Learn Maori has been a best-selling self-help tutor in the Maori language
since 1969. This well-established and highly respected guide to the study of
Maori has been revised and now appears in a new, larger, easy-to-read format.
Designed by Maori language expert Bruce Biggs, it covers the parts of speech,
the structure of each type of phrase, the combinations of phrases that form
simple sentences, and each aspect of grammar (all illustrated by sentence
examples). Let's Learn Maori has a
unique referencing system with a combined vocabulary and index and also
contains a section on pronunciation."
Blackburn, Mark. 2005. Tattoos from Paradise:
Traditional Polynesian Patterns. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. 208
pages. ISBN: 978-0764309410 (hc).
"Traditional tattooing designs are depicted from
the exotic Pacific Polynesian cultures of Easter Island, Hawaii, the Marquesas,
New Zealand, Samoa, Tahiti and Tonga. The actual process and ceremonies
involved in tattooing are described and illustrated with over 250 drawings and
color illustrations of native people. Included are actual 19th century
photographs as well as early exploration art, paintings, drawings, engravings,
and artifacts all relating to tattooing."
Erueti, Andrew and Claire Charters (eds).
2007 (April). Maori Property in the Seabed and Foreshore: The Last Frontier.
Wellington: Victoria University Press. ISBN: 9780-86473-5539 (pb).
"In this recent era of indigenous peoples' rights
recognition, many states around the globe are faced with reconciling the
pre-existing, inherent rights of indigenous peoples with those held and
asserted by the state. Within New Zealand we remain engaged in this process of
reconciliation and while there has been significant progress, there remain many
outstanding and controversial questions about the status of Maori and their
treaty and customary rights. This fact was brought into sharp focus by the
Court of Appeal decision of Ngati Apa.
The Ngati Apa decision was one of the most
controversial modern decisions on Maori rights. Did it grant Maori tribes
exclusive rights to the New Zealand coastline or was it merely an endorsement
of their right to engage in long-practised traditional activities? It was
quickly decided by government that Parliament would intervene and enact
legislation to administer Maori customary claims to foreshore. However, the
speed with which the legislation was enacted left little time for meaningful
debate and reflection.
Now that the dust has settled it is time to reflect
more fully on these matters. This collection of essays does not aim to be an exhaustive
treatment of the legal issues raised. It does, however, address many of the
salient issues raised. Topics covered include the historical origins of Ngati
Apa, how the Foreshore and Seabed Act (FSA) compares with schemes created in
other countries with indigenous inhabitants, and how the FSA stacks up against
international human rights law and environmental law.
They are essays written by academics on topics that
fall within their area of expertise. The general tenor is that New Zealand in
its haste has enacted legislation that undermines the rights of Maori tribes.
In short, the view is that the reconciliation process has tipped too far in
favour of the rights of the state and non-Maori. While the foreshore may be the
last frontier in terms of terra firma in this country, there are many
challenging issues ahead of us."
Henare, Amiria. 2005. Museums, Anthropology, and
Imperial Exchange. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 344 pages.
ISBN: 9780521835916.
"Amiria Henare explores the study of material
culture in the development of anthropology and shows that the collection of
artefacts and their formal study, both in museums and in the field, have been
central anthropological strategies over the past two centuries. Scotland and
New Zealand provide the two principal ethnographic bases for Dr Henare's
pioneering work, as she traces the movement across space and time of objects
now held in contemporary collections. Using evidence from across the British
Empire, Dr Henare demonstrates how and why things were bought, exchanged and
stolen, and carried across the oceans to reach their final institutional
settings, and how the material, social and intellectual 'worlds' often invoked
by scholars of imperialism were mutually constructed, with artefacts themselves
constituting and instantiating social relations. This book is a major
contribution to historical anthropology and imperial history, and to our
understanding of the material past and present.
Contents: 1. String games; 2. Objects of
exploration; 3. Objects of knowledge; 4. Improvement and imperial exchange; 5.
Colonial baggage; 6. 'Storehouses of science'; 7. Trophies and souvenirs; 8.
Things and words; 9. Words and things; Appendix; Index."
Johnson, Henry Mabley and Brian Moloughney
(eds). 2006. Living Together: Towards Inclusive Communities. Dunedin: Otago
University Press. 240 pages. ISBN: 1-877372-29-3 (pb).
"Accessible book about community planning for
professionals/leaders. Expert advice and practical solutions for community
development. Topical NZ case studies. Well illustrated with photographs and
diagrams.
How do we develop inclusive, engaged communities? In
this book experts in community planning review some of the challenges,
strategies and solutions, using New Zealand case studies. The needs of specific
groups - whether migrant, the young, elderly or indigenous - and community ties
with local and central government are explored. The Treaty of Waitangi, the
influence of feminism and the development of online communities are other
aspects that are considered. Importantly, the book provides tools for achieving
healthy commuities, with strategies to empower their members and ensure they
are heard.
Contents: 1. Introduction; Part I: Empowering
our diverse communities: 2. Central government and its role in community
planning; 3. Treaty values and the Resource Management Act 1991; 4. Planning
for cultural diversity ; 5. Is New Zealand a post-feminist paradise? 6.
Creating welcoming communities for children and young people; 7. Planning for
an ageing population; 8. Communities online; Part 2: Tools for achieving
better communities: 9. From floral clocks to civic flourish; 10.
Theoretical and practical co-management: an indigenous perspective; 11.
Design-led participatory planning; 12. Building community consensus and social
capital; 13. Community development; 14. 'Getting on': living close together;
15. Healthy communities; 16. Planning to live together.
Claire Freeman is Director of the Planning Programme,
University of Otago. She has held lecturing posts at universities in Britain,
South Africa and New Zealand. She was a planner for the Urban Wildlife Trust in
Birmingham (UK). Michelle Thompson-Fawcett is Senior Lecturer in Planning and
Environmental Management at the University of Otago. She worked in planning
practice for ten years. With Claire Freeman, she co-edited Living Space: Towards sustainable settlements in NZ (Otago,
2003)."
Lee, Georgia. 2006. Rapa Nui, Island of Memory.
Los Osos: Easter Island Foundation. 212 pages. ISBN 1-880636-23-9 (pb).
"This book is a celebration of the people of Rapa
Nui, embracing their continuity with the past. Georgia Lee's memoir of her life
on Easter Island in the 1980s is a rollicking good story, by turns hilarious
and poignant. Oh, to have been there, in those simpler days! Lee's fieldwork
has taken her to Rapa Nui countless times, often for extended periods. She is
perhaps as uniquely comfortable deciphering the history of the place as she is
among the people themselves, who have moved from isolation to being residents
of a prized destination for tourists." From the Introduction by Beverley
Haun.
Paterson, Lachy. 2006. Colonial Discourses: Niupepa
Maori 1855-1863. Dunedin: Otago University Press. 206 Pages. ISBN:
978-1-877372-26-1 (pb).
"First book on Maori newspapers in this vital
period in Maori-Pakeha relations, leading into the wars of the 1860s. Uses an
under-utilised resource of great value. Analyses and discusses content, much
written by Maori. Provides translations of all Maori text discussed.
In 1855, most Maori lived in a tribal setting, as they
expected, exercising the chiefly rights guaranteed by the Treaty of Waitangi.
But their world was changing. Many Maori had entered the market economy, most
had converted to Christianity, many could read and write, some had sold land to
the government. These trends pleased the government, which envisaged a New
Zealand dominated by Europeans, with the benefits of European civilisation
being extended to Maori, elevating them socially and economically. Ultimately
the two races would become he iwi kotahi -
one people.
The government used its own newspaper, Te Karere Maori, to disseminate this
message to Maori. Other newspapers were published by government agents,
evangelical Pakeha, the Wesleyan Church and the rival Maori government, the
Kingitanga. But while the newspapers were used for propaganda, they provided a
forum, with many Maori debating the issues of the day. As a result, this book
is able to illuminate the whole colonial discourse between Maori and Pakeha as
it appeared in the Maori-language newspapers.
Contents: Introduction; 1. The Newspapers; 2.
Literacy and Education; 3. Language; 4. Propaganda; 5. Law; 6. Civilisation; 7.
Politics; 8. And More Politics; 9. Conclusion.
Lachy Paterson is graduate of the University of Otago
and lecturer in Maori History at Massey University, Palmerston North. His
research interests include nineteenth-century Maori-Pakeha race relations,
Maori social, religions and political history, and the New Zealand Land Wars."
Reed, A.W., and Ross Calman. 2006. Reed
Book of Maori Exploration: Stories of Voyage and Discovery. Auckland:
Reed Publishing. 320 pages. ISBN: 079001095X (hb).
"The Reed
Book of Maori Exploration is a revision of A.W. Reed's Treasury of Maori Exploration (1977). Sensitively reworked for the
21st century, the Reed Book of Maori
Exploration presents A.W. Reed's lively retellings of these classic stories
of waka, voyaging and discovery.
The stories gathered together here are central to
Maori. Sourced from tribal traditions throughout the country, they also explain
many familiar New Zealand place names - an interesting subject in its own
right. New Zealanders from all backgrounds will find the stories appealing and
fascinating.
Like its companion volume, the highly acclaimed Reed Book of Maori Mythology (2004),
this is the definitive reference work on its subject."
Stafford, Jane and Mark Williams. 2007
(April). Maoriland: New Zealand Literature 1872 - 1914. Wellington:
Victoria University Press. 350 pages. ISBN: 978-0864735225 (pb).
"The literature of Maoriland, as New Zealand was
popularly known from the 1880s to the beginning of the First World War, remains
the 'black hole' in New Zealand's literary memory. In the 1930s Allen Curnow
and Denis Glover associated the Maoriland writers with sentiment, gentility and
colonial deference. Today, Maoriland evokes a world of saccharine fantasy in
which Maori warriors in heroic attitudes and Maori maidens in seductive ones
inhabited outmoded Victorian literary forms, while at the same time the
business of settlement sidelined and dispossessed actual Maori.
Maoriland: New Zealand
Literature 1872-1914 argues
that such glib dismissals of the past do disservice to the present, seeing in
the writing of Maoriland something more complex and more diverse: the
beginnings of a self-consciously New Zealand literature, which adapts European
literary forms to the new place. In this period are the origins of much of New
Zealand's progressive social legislation, the roots of modern feminism, the
establishment of ways in which we regard the natural world, and the manufacture
of the defining roles by which we still enact our bicultural relations.
This is the first book to examine a crucial period in
the shaping of New Zealand literature. It connects the cultural forms of
Maoriland to both larger patterns of empire and contemporary criticism, looking
at the writing in all its complexities, contradictions and evasions."
Vaite, Célestine Hitiura. 2006. Tiare:
The Husband That Didn't Deserve His Wife and Everything That Happened Next.
Melbourne: Text Publishing. 250 pages. ISBN: 1921145013.
"Pito Tehana is a big zéro - that's the word on
the coconut radio. His lovely wife Materena is now a big radio star, and she
hasn't turned into a show-off or anything. But Pito? He won't even take her to
a restaurant to celebrate her success. He just smirks and says, 'Eh bien, I
congratulate my wife in my own way.' Well, nobody would be surprised to see
Materena trade him in. Especially after he gets a bit drunk and says something
careless, something that hurts her so deeply she can't breathe.
In the keenly awaited third instalment of the Materena
story, we see the Mahi and Tehana clans of Tahiti from the male perspective.
And we find out that a man can do a lot with a second chance - if he's lucky
enough to get one.
Célestine Hitiura Vaite was born in Tahiti. The
daughter of a Tahitian mother and a French father who went back to his country
after military service, she grew up in her big extended family in Faa'a,
Tahiti, where storytelling was part of the every day life and women overcame
obstacles with gusto and humour. Célestine's trilogy of Tahitian novels were
the subject of heated international auctions in 2004, and will now be published
in more than 10 countries."
Walters, Mark Jerome. 2006. Seeking
the Sacred Raven: Politics and Extinction on a Hawaiian Island.
Washington: Island Press. 293 pages. ISBN: 978-1559630900 (cloth).
"Will the 'Alala ever return to the wild? A bird
sacred to Hawaiians and a member of the raven family, the 'Alala today survives
only in captivity. How the species once flourished, how it has been driven to
near-extinction, and how people struggled to save it, is the gripping story of Seeking the Sacred Raven.
For years, author Mark Jerome Walters has tracked the
sacred bird's role in Hawaiian culture and the indomitable 'Alala's sad
decline. Trekking through Hawaii's rain forests high on Mauna Loa Volcano
(Hawai'i Island), talking with biologists, landowners, and government
officials, he has woven an epic tale of missed opportunities and the best
intentions gone awry. A species that once numbered in the thousands is now
limited to about 50 captive birds.
Seeking the Sacred Raven is as much about people and culture as it
is about failed policies. From the ancient Polynesians who first settled the
island, to Captain Cook in the 18th century, to would-be saviors of the 'Alala
in the 1990s, individuals with conflicting passions and priorities have shaped
Hawaii and the fate of this dwindling cloud-forest species.
Walters captures brilliantly the internecine politics
among private landowners, scientists, environmental groups, individuals and
government agencies battling over the bird's habitat and protection. It's only
one species, only one bird, but Seeking
the Sacred Raven illustrates vividly the many dimensions of species loss,
for the human as well as non-human world.
Contents: Prologue; Part I. Beginning in Deep
Darkness: 1. Mountain of Emerald Light; 2. In the Beginning; 3. Captain
Cook; 4. For Love of the Gods; 5. Paniolo, Hoku, and Mahoa; 6. Searching for
the 'Alala; 7. The Raven-Warrior; 8. Abundance and Loss; 9. 'Umi's Children; Part
II. Night Dawning Yesterday: 10.
Escape to Captivity; 11. Mountain of Sorrow; 12. Barbara Churchill Lee; 13. The
Bird Catcher; 14. Scientists to the Rescue; 15. Kapu; 16. Yahoo! 17. Helicopter
Dreams; 18. Ali'i Neo; 19. Guardian Spirits ; Part III: Last Light: 20.
Hope - At Last; 21. A Cruel Kindness; 22. Dead Ravens Flying; 23. The 'Alala
from Hell ; 24. Regrets; 25. Heart of Koa; 26. Kahuna 'Alala ; 27. Broken Home;
28. Quagmire; 29. Last Light; Epilogue; Acknowledgments; Notes; Index."
Wright, Matthew. 2006. Two Peoples, One Land: The New
Zealand Wars. Auckland: Reed Publishing. 285 pages. ISBN: 9780790010649
(pb).
"In Two
Peoples, One Land historian Matthew Wright sheds new light on the New
Zealand Wars, tackling several of the theories popularised by historian James
Belich head on.
Wright, author of The
Reed Illustrated History of New Zealand, views the New Zealand wars as a
cultural collision - a clash of language and cultural differences. Though the
physical conflict ended in 1872, Wright argues the issues and forces that gave
rise to the New Zealand Wars are the same issues and forces with which
contemporary New Zealand continues to grapple.
Wright's examination of this defining period in our
history is a comprehensive and fascinating exploration of cultural
miscommunication and the impact of Maori and Pakeha society on each
other."
RECENT
PUBLICATIONS
[Mistakes
occasionally occur in this section. We are happy to receive corrections that
will be noted in our online database.]
GENERAL / ARTICLES
BOSSEN, C. (2006). Chiefs Made War and War Made State?
War and Early State Formation in Ancient Fiji and Hawaii. In T. Otto, H. Thrane
& H. Vandkilde (Eds.), Warfare and Society: Archaeological and Social
Anthropologica Perspectives (pp. 237-260). Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
BURTON, J. (2007). The Anthropology of Personal Identity:
Intellectual Property Rights Issues in Papua New Guinea, West Papua and
Australia. The Australian Journal of Anthropology, 18(1), 40-55.
COX, J. (2007). Economic Initiatives for the Poor in
Context: Growth from the Grassroots. Development Bulletin #(72), 79-82.
DOUSSET, L. (2007). 'There Has Never Been Such a Thing
as a Kin-based Society': A Review Article. Anthropological Forum, 17(1),
61-69. Review article of Maurice Godelier, Métamorphose de la parenté, Paris: Fayard.
HASSALL, G. (2005). The Bahá'í Faith in the Pacific.
In P. Herda, M. Reilly & D. Hilliard (Eds.), Vision and Reality in
Pacific Religion: Essays in Honour of Niel Gunson (pp. 266-286). Honolulu:
University of Hawai'i Press.
KAUFMANN, C. (2005). Gerd Koch 11.7.1922-19.4.2005. Baessler-Archiv,
53, 188-193.
LENZ, B. (2005). Die Poesie der Dinge:
Surrealistischer Sehen und die Kunst der Südsee 23.11.2005-7.5.2006. Baessler-Archiv,
53, 199-200.
LEVANTIS, T. (2007). The Role of Tourism for Pro-poor
Growth in the Pacific. Development Bulletin #(72), 87-92.
LIEBER, M. D., & RYNKIEWISH, M. (2007).
Conclusion: Oceanic Conceptions of the Relationship between People and
Property. Human Organization, 66(1), 90-97. Special issue: Customs,
Commons, Property, and Ecology, edited by John Wagner and Mike Evans.
MOFFAT, R. M. (2004). Recent Pacific Publications:
Selected Acquisitions, May 2002 - March 2003. Pacific Studies, 27(1/2),
110-118.
MUNRO, D. (2006). H.E. Maude 1906-2006: An
Appreciation. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 115(4), 317.
REILLY, M., & HERDA, P. (2005). Vision and Reality
in Pacific Religion: An Introduction. In P. Herda, M. Reilly & D. Hilliard
(Eds.), Vision and Reality in Pacific Religion: Essays in Honour of Niel
Gunson (pp. 1-18). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
RJABCHIKOV, S. V. (2007). Materialy po etnografii
lyudey paleolita (Materials on the Ethnography of the Paleolithic People). Visnik
Mizhnarodnogo doslidnogo tsentru "Lyudina: mova, kul'tura,
piznannya", 12(2), 193-219. In Russian.
SIBLEY, J. (2007). Financial Competence as a Tool for
Poverty Reduction: Financial Literacy and Rural Banking in the Pacific. Development
Bulletin #(72), 23-29.
URIAM, K. K. (2005). Doing Theology in the New
Pacific. In P. Herda, M. Reilly & D. Hilliard (Eds.), Vision and Reality
in Pacific Religion: Essays in Honour of Niel Gunson (pp. 287-311).
Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
VAN FOSSEN, A. B. (2003). Offshore Gambling in Pacific
Islands Havens. Pacific Studies, 26(3/4), 1-32.
VAN MEIJL, T. (2007). Beyond Economics: Transnational
Labour Migration in Asia and the Pacific. IIAS Newsletter #(43), 17.
WAGNER, J., & TALAKAI, M. (2007). Customs,
Commons, Property, and Ecology: Case Studies from Oceania. Human
Organization, 66(1), 1-10. Special issue: Customs, Commons, Property, and
Ecology, edited by John Wagner and Mike Evans.
WETHERELL, D. (2005). The Anglicans in New Guinea and
the Torres Strait Islands. In P. Herda, M. Reilly & D. Hilliard (Eds.), Vision
and Reality in Pacific Religion: Essays in Honour of Niel Gunson (pp.
216-242). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
AUSTRALIA / ARTICLES
AKERMAN, K. (2007). On Kimberley Points and the
Politics of Enchantment. Current Anthropology, 48(1), 133. Comments:
133-134 (reply by R. Harrison); 134
(references cited).
ALTMAN, J. (2007). Alleviating Poverty in Remote
Indigenous Australia: The Role of the Hybrid Economy. Development Bulletin #(72),
47-51.
ANDERSON, I. (2003). Black Bit, White Bit. In M.
Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines: Contemporary Critical Writing by Indigenous
Australians (pp. 43-51). Carton: Melbourne University Publishing.
Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 198-199.
ANDERSON, I. (2003). Introduction: The Aboriginal
Critique of Colonial Knowing. In M. Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines: Contemporary
Critical Writing by Indigenous Australians (pp. 17-24). Carton: Melbourne
University Publishing. Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 195-196.
ANDERSON, K., & PERRIN, C. (2007). 'The
Miserablest People in the World': Race, Humanism and the Australian Aborigine. The
Australian Journal of Anthropology, 18(1), 18-39.
BAYET-CHARLTON, F. (2003). Overturning the Doctrine:
Indigenous People and Wilderness - Being Aboriginal in the Environment
Movement. In M. Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines: Contemporary Critical Writing by
Indigenous Australians (pp. 171-180). Carton: Melbourne University
Publishing. Bibliography: 214-231
211-212.
BELL, J. (2003). Australia's Indigenous Languages. In
M. Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines: Contemporary Critical Writing by Indigenous
Australians (pp. 159-170). Carton: Melbourne University Publishing.
Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 211.
BIRCH, T. (2003). 'Nothing Has Changed': The Making
and Unmaking of Koori Culture. In M. Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines:
Contemporary Critical Writing by Indigenous Australians (pp. 145-158).
Carton: Melbourne University Publishing. Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 208-211.
DODSON, M. (2003). The End in the Beginning:
Re(de)fining Aboriginality. In M. Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines: Contemporary
Critical Writing by Indigenous Australians (pp. 25-42). Carton: Melbourne
University Publishing. Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 196-198.
GRACE, J., & CHENHALL, R. (2006). A Rapid
Anthropological Assessment of Tuberculosis in a Remote Aboriginal Community in
Northern Australia. Human Organization, 65(4), 387-399.
GRACEY, M. S. (2007). Nutrition-related Disorders in
Indigenous Australians: How Things Have Changed. The Medical Journal of
Australia, 186(1), 15-17.
GROSSMAN, M. (2003). After Aboriginalism: Power,
Knowledge and Indigenous Australian Critical Writing. In M. Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines:
Contemporary Critical Writing by Indigenous Australians (pp. 1-14). Carton:
Melbourne University Publishing. Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 194-195.
HAMBY, L. (2007). A Question of Time: Ten Canoes. The
Australian Journal of Anthropology, 18(1), 123-126. Review article of Ten
Canoes. 2006. Directed by Rolf de Heer en Peter Djigirr. Script by Rolf de
Heer. 90 min.
HUGGINS, J. (2003). Always Was Always Will Be. In M.
Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines: Contemporary Critical Writing by Indigenous
Australians (pp. 60-65). Carton: Melbourne University Publishing.
Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 201-202.
KURTZER, S. (2003). Wandering Girl: Who Defines
'Authenticity' in Aboriginal Literature? In M. Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines:
Contemporary Critical Writing by Indigenous Australians (pp. 181-188).
Carton: Melbourne University Publishing. Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 212.
LANE, R., & WAITT, G. (2007). Inalienable Places:
Self-drive Tourists in Northwest Australia. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(1),
105-121.
LANGTON, M. (2003). Aboriginal Art and Film: The
Politics of Representation. In M. Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines: Contemporary
Critical Writing by Indigenous Australians (pp. 109-124). Carton: Melbourne
University Publishing. Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 206-207.
LANGTON, M. (2003). Introduction: Culture Wars. In M.
Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines: Contemporary Critical Writing by Indigenous
Australians (pp. 81-91). Carton: Melbourne University Publishing.
Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 203-204.
MORETON-ROBINSON, A. (2003). Introduction: Resistance,
Recovery and Revitalisation. In M. Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines: Contemporary
Critical Writing by Indigenous Australians (pp. 127-131). Carton: Melbourne
University Publishing. Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 207-208.
MORETON-ROBINSON, A. (2003). Tiddas Talking Up to the
White Woman: When Huggins et al. Took on Bell. In M. Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines:
Contemporary Critical Writing by Indigenous Australians (pp. 66-77).
Carton: Melbourne University Publishing. Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 202-203.
MORRISSEY, P. (2003). Aboriginality and Corporation.
In M. Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines: Contemporary Critical Writing by
Indigenous Australians (pp. 52-65). Carton: Melbourne University
Publishing. Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 199-201.
MORRISSEY, P. (2003). Moving, Remembering, Singing Our
Place. In M. Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines: Contemporary Critical Writing by
Indigenous Australians (pp. 189-193). Carton: Melbourne University
Publishing. Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 213.
NAKATA, M. (2003). Better. In M. Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines:
Contemporary Critical Writing by Indigenous Australians (pp. 132-144).
Carton: Melbourne University Publishing. Bibliography: 214-231. Notes 208.
NEALE, M. (2003). The Presentation and Interpretation
of Aboriginal and Torres Strat Islander Art: The Yiribana Gallery in Focus. In
M. Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines: Contemporary Critical Writing by Indigenous
Australians (pp. 104-108). Carton: Melbourne University Publishing.
Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 206.
NEUENFELDT, K. (2007). RAN (Remote Area Nurse)
Original Soundtrack Recordings: Music and Songs from the Torres Strait Islands.
The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 8(1), 109-111.
ONUS, L. (2003). Language and Lasers. In M. Grossman
(Ed.), Blacklines: Contemporary Critical Writing by Indigenous Australians
(pp. 92-96). Carton: Melbourne University Publishing. Bibliography: 214-231.
Notes: 204-205.
PALMER, L. (2007). Negotiating the Ritual and Social
Order through Spectacle: The (Re)Production of Macassan/Yolngu Histories. Anthropological
Forum, 17(1), 1-20.
PERKINS, H. (2003). Seeing or Seaming: Contemporary
Aboriginal Art. In M. Grossman (Ed.), Blacklines: Contemporary Critical
Writing by Indigenous Australians (pp. 97-103). Carton: Melbourne
University Publishing. Bibliography: 214-231. Notes: 205-206.
SAETHRE, E. (2007). UFO's, Otherness, and Belonging:
Identity in Remote Aboriginal Australia. Social Identities, 13(2),
217-233.
SANSOM, B. (2007). Yulara and Future Expert Reports in
Native Title Cases. Anthropological Forum, 17(1), 71-92.
SHELLAM, T. (2007). Making Sense of Law and Disorder. History
and Anthropology, 18(1), 77-88.
TONKINSON, R. (2007). Aboriginal 'Difference' and
'Autonomy' Then and Now: Four Decades of Change in a Western Desert Society. Anthropological
Forum, 17(1), 41-60.
AUSTRALIA / BOOKS
BARCHAM, M. (2006). Regional Governance Structures
in Indigenous Australia: Western Australian Examples. Palmerston North:
Centre for Indigenous Governance and Development (CIGAD), Massey University.
CIGAD Working Paper No. 1/2006. Retrieved March 22, 2007, from the World Wide
Web at: http://cigad.massey.ac.nz/documents/wps_Barcham%201_2006.pdf.
MELANESIA / ARTICLES
ALLEN, B., & BOURKE, R. M. (2007). Can Rural
Development Alleviate Poverty in Papua New Guinea? Development Bulletin #(72),
30-35.
BANKS, G. (2007). 'Money Rain': Indigenous Engagement
with Business Models in Papua New Guinea. Development Bulletin #(72),
36-39.
BRANDT, E. (2006). 'Total Warfare' and the Ethnography
of New Guinea. In T. Otto, H. Thrane & H. Vandkilde (Eds.), Warfare and
Society: Archaeological and Social Anthropologica Perspectives (pp. 75-88).
Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
ELSON, R. E. (2007). Marginality, Morality and the
National Impuls: Papua, the Netherlands and Indonesia: A Review Article. Bijdragen
en Mededelingen Betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden, 122(1), 65-71.
Review article of P. Drooglever, Een daad van vrije keuze: De Papoea's van
westelijk Nieuw-Guinea en de grenzen van het zelfbeschikkingsrecht, Amsterdam:
Boom, 2005.
GILBERTHORPE, E. (2007). Fasu Solidarity: A Case Study
of Kin Networks, Land Tenure, and Oil Extraction in Kutubu, Papua New Guinea. American
Anthropologist, 109(1), 101-112.
GOLUB, A. (2007). Ironies of Organization: Landowners,
Land Registration, and Papua New Guinea's Mining and Petroleum Industry. Human
Organization, 66(1), 38-48. Special issue: Customs, Commons, Property, and
Ecology, edited by John Wagner and Mike Evans.
GOSDEN, C. (2006). Warfare and Colonialism in the
Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. In T. Otto, H. Thrane & H.
Vandkilde (Eds.), Warfare and Society: Archaeological and Social
Anthropologica Perspectives (pp. 201-210). Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
HALVAKSZ, J. A. (2007). Cannabis and Fantasies of
Development: Revaluing Relations through Land in Rural Papua New Guinea. The
Australian Journal of Anthropology, 18(1), 56-71.
HILLIARD, D. (2005). The God of the Melanesian
Mission. In P. Herda, M. Reilly & D. Hilliard (Eds.), Vision and Reality
in Pacific Religion: Essays in Honour of Niel Gunson (pp. 195-215).
Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
JACKA, J. (2007). 'Our Skins are Weak’: Ipili
Modernity and the Demise of Discipline. In s. Bamford (Ed.), Embodying
Modernity and Postmodernity: Ritual, Praxis, and Social Change in Melanesia
(pp. 39-67). Durham: Carolina Academic Press. Retrieved March 5, 2007, from the
World Wide Web at: http://www4.ncsu.edu/~jkjacka/Our%20Skins%20are%20Weak.pdf.
JAHODA, G. (2007). Anthropologist and
"Native" in Early Twentieth Century New Guinea: Malinowski and
Thurnwald. History and Anthropology, 18(1), 11-24.
JOHNSTONE, J., & FEINBERG, R. (2006). From Oriori
to the Everly Brothers: Observations on the Music of Nukumanu. The Journal
of the Polynesian Society, 115(4), 365-381.
KAITANI, M. (2007). Fiji's Approach to Addressing
Poverty. Development Bulletin #(72), 71-73.
LANGMORE, D. (2005). 'Where Tides Meet': The
Missionary Career of Constance (Paul) Fairhall in Papua. In P. Herda, M. Reilly
& D. Hilliard (Eds.), Vision and Reality in Pacific Religion: Essays in
Honour of Niel Gunson (pp. 175-194). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
MACINTYRE, M., & FOALE, S. (2007). Land and Marine
Tenure, Ownership, and New Forms of Entitlement on Lihir: Changing Notions of
Property in the Context of a Goldmining Project. Human Organization, 66(1),
49-59. Special issue: Customs, Commons, Property, and Ecology, edited by John
Wagner and Mike Evans.
MACKAY, R. (2005). A Church in Papua or a Papuan
Church? Conservatism and Resistance to Indigenous Leadership in a Melanesian
Mission. In P. Herda, M. Reilly & D. Hilliard (Eds.), Vision and Reality
in Pacific Religion: Essays in Honour of Niel Gunson (pp. 154-174).
Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
MANOKA, B. (2007). Poverty in a Coastal Community:
Economic Causes and Mitigating Strategies. Development Bulletin #(72),
40-43.
MCCUTCHEON, R. (2004). Richard F. Salisbury: A
Chronological Bibliography. In M. Silverman (Ed.), Ethnography and
Development: The Work of Richard F. Salisbury (pp. 373-). Montréal: McGill
University Libraries.
MCPHERSON, N. M. (2004). Gender and Cosmos Emplaced:
Women's Houses and Men's Houses in Bariai, West New Britain, Papua New Guionea.
Pacific Studies, 27(1/2), 68-96.
MORGAN, R. C. (2007). Property of Spirits: Hereditary
and Global Value of Sea Turtles in Fiji. Human Organization, 66(1),
60-68. Special issue: Customs, Commons, Property, and Ecology, edited by John
Wagner and Mike Evans.
NONGGORR, J. (2006). Electoral Reforms - Improving
Election Administration and Management. In Two Papers on Electoral Reform in
Papua New Guinea (pp. 6-15). Canberra: State, Society and Governance in
Melanesia (SSGM) Project, ANU and National Research Institute (NRI). Public
Policy in Papua New Guinea Discussion Paper No. 2006 / 3.
O'NEALL, P. (2006). The Proposal to Establish District
Authorities in the Province of Papua New Guinea. In Two Papers on the
Proposed Decentralisation in Papua New Guinea (pp. 1-10). Canberra: State,
Society and Governance in Melanesia (SSGM) Project, ANU and National Research
Institute (NRI). Public Policy in Papua New Guinea Discussion Paper No. 2006 /
2.
OTTO, T. (2006). Warfare and Exchange in a Melanesian
Society before Colonial Pacification: The Case of Manus, Papua New Guinea. In
T. Otto, H. Thrane & H. Vandkilde (Eds.), Warfare and Society:
Archaeological and Social Anthropologica Perspectives (pp. 187-199).
Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
ROBBINS, J. (2007). Continuity Thinking and the
Problem of Christian Culture: Belief, Time, and Anthropology of Christianity. Current
Anthropology, 48(1), 5-17. Comments: 18 (by J. Barker); 18-19 (by F.
Cannell); 19-20 (by S. Coleman); 20-21 (by A. Eriksen); 21-22 (by E. Keller);
24 (by T. Luhrmann); 25 (by S. MacCormack); 25-26 (by D. Maxwell); 26-27 (by
J.D.Y. Peel); 27-28 (by B.B. Schieffelin); 28-29 (by E. Zehner); 29-33 (reply
by J. Robbins); 33-38 (references cited).
RUTZ, H. J. (2004). Anthropological Economics. In M.
Silverman (Ed.), Ethnography and Development: The Work of Richard F.
Salisbury (pp. 153-164). Montréal: McGill University Libraries.
RUTZ, H. J. (2004). Ethnography and Social Structure
in New Guinea: The Early Years. In M. Silverman (Ed.), Ethnography and
Development: The Work of Richard F. Salisbury (pp. 11-27). Montréal: McGill
University Libraries.
SALISBURY, R. F. (2004). An Anthropologist's Use of
Historical Methods. In M. Silverman (Ed.), Ethnography and Development: The
Work of Richard F. Salisbury (pp. 123-132). Montréal: McGill University
Libraries. Source: Paper presented to the History Seminar, University of Papua
and New Guinea, 7 July 1967.
SALISBURY, R. F. (2004). Asymmetrical Marriage
Systems. In M. Silverman (Ed.), Ethnography and Development: The Work of
Richard F. Salisbury (pp. 61-81). Montréal: McGill University Libraries.
Source: American Anthropologist, 58, 1956.
SALISBURY, R. F. (2004). Formal Analysis in
Anthropological Economics: The Rossel Island Case. In M. Silverman (Ed.), Ethnography
and Development: The Work of Richard F. Salisbury (pp. 179-196). Montréal:
McGill University Libraries. Source: Chapter 4, in Ira R. Buchler and Hugo G.
Nutiti (eds), Game Theory in the Behavioral Sciences. Pittsburgh: University of
Pittsburgh Press, 1968.
SALISBURY, R. F. (2004). Introduction - Vunamami:
Economic Transformation in a Traditional Society. In M. Silverman (Ed.), Ethnography
and Development: The Work of Richard F. Salisbury (pp. 215-231). Montréal:
McGill University Libraries. Source: Vanumami: Economic Transformation in a
Tradiotional Society, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970.
SALISBURY, R. F. (2004). New Guinea Highland Models
and Descent Theory. In M. Silverman (Ed.), Ethnography and Development: The
Work of Richard F. Salisbury (pp. 83-90). Montréal: McGill University
Libraries. Source: Man, 64 (Nov-Dec), 1964.
SALISBURY, R. F. (2004). Non-equilibrium Models in New
Guinea Ecology: Possibilities of Cultural Extrapolation. In M. Silverman (Ed.),
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MELANESIA / BOOKS
DROOGLEVER, P. (2005). Een daad van vrije keuze: De
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politiek': De studie-Drooglever als symptoom van de moeizame omgang van
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MICRONESIA / ARTICLES
CARUCCI, L. M. (2003). The Church as Embodiment and
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BOROVNIK, M. (2005). Remittances:An Informal but
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POLYNESIA / ARTICLES
BENDER, A. (2007). Changes in Social Orientation:
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Organization, 66(1), 11-21. Special issue: Customs, Commons, Property, and
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COX, K., TAYLES, N. G., & BUCKLEY, H. R. (2006). Forensic
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DOUGLAS, N. (2005). 'Unto the Islands of the Sea': The
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DRIESSEN, H. (2005). The Trials and Tribulations of a
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EVANS, M. (2007). Property, Propriety, and Ecology in
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HAMILTON, A. (2005). God in Samoa and the Introduction
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HERDA, P. (2005). Narratives of Gender and
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KAHN, J. G., & COIL, J. (2006). What House Posts
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KIRCH, P. V. (2007). Hawaii as a Model System for
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MESSAGE, K. (2007). Museums and the Utility of
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REILLY, M. (2005). 'Te 'Orama a Numangatini' ('The
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SCHMIDT, K. (2005). The Gift of the Gods: The Sacred
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SIEGEL, J. (2007). Recent Evidence against the
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SMITH, V. (2004). Crowd Scenes: Pacific Collectivity
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POLYNESIA / BOOKS
GIBBS, M. (2005). Justice in New Zealand's Treaty
of Waitangi Settlement Process. Palmerston North: Centre for Indigenous
Governance and Development (CIGAD), Massey University. CICAD Working Paper No.
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WARREN, T. R. (2006). Constructing 'Traditional' Concepts:
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Governance and Development (CIGAD), Massey University. CIGAD Working Paper No.
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